European Journal of Philosophical Research
The European Journal of Philosophical Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal dedicated to the dissemination of original, high-quality research. Indexed in ERIH PLUS, the journal follows internationally recognized academic and ethical publishing standards. While rooted in philosophical inquiry, the journal is presently evolving into a multidisciplinary platform, encouraging scholarly contributions that engage with philosophy as well as allied and emerging disciplines across the humanities, social sciences, and interdisciplinary domains. All submissions undergo independent peer review, and the journal operates on a full open-access model without charging any Article Processing Charges (APC). Through its commitment to academic rigor, ethical publishing, and open dissemination of knowledge, the European Journal of Philosophical Research aims to foster international scholarly dialogue and support the advancement of research across disciplines. Key Information Journal Title: European Journal of Philosophical Research Print ISSN: 2408-9435 (Russian-language print edition) Online ISSN: 2413-7286 (English-language online edition) Publisher & Founder: Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., Slovakia Indexing: ERIH PLUS Access Model: Open Access (no subscription, no APC) License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Copyright: Authors retain copyright; non-commercial reuse permitted with attribution Scope of the Journal Philosophy and philosophical traditions Ethics, logic, epistemology, metaphysics Social sciences and humanities Law, Ethics, and Governance Education and Psychology Economics, Management, and Society Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research
Mind, Brain, and Consciousness: Philosophical Implications of Neuroscience
Advances in neuroscience have profoundly influenced philosophical debates about the nature of mind and consciousness. The discovery of neural correlates of cognition, emotion, and perception has prompted questions regarding free will, personal identity, and the relationship between physical processes and subjective experience. This paper examines the philosophical implications of contemporary neuroscience, exploring the interplay between empirical findings and enduring metaphysical and epistemological questions. Drawing on classical philosophy of mind, contemporary analytic perspectives, and interdisciplinary research, the study evaluates materialist, dualist, and functionalist interpretations of consciousness, considers challenges posed by emergent and panpsychist theories, and reflects on ethical and societal consequences. The analysis reveals that while neuroscience provides unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of cognition, philosophical inquiry remains indispensable for understanding the qualitative, normative, and subjective dimensions of consciousness.
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Ethical Relativism and Moral Dialogue in a Globalized World
In an era of globalization, societies are increasingly interconnected, bringing diverse ethical frameworks into contact. Ethical relativism—the idea that moral standards are culturally or socially contingent—challenges universalist approaches to morality and raises questions about cross-cultural dialogue, human rights, and global cooperation. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of ethical relativism, analyzes its strengths and limitations, and explores the challenges it poses to moral dialogue in a globalized world. Drawing on metaethics, cross-cultural philosophy, and contemporary global ethics, the study argues that while ethical relativism promotes cultural sensitivity and pluralism, uncritical relativism may hinder constructive moral discourse. The paper further evaluates strategies for fostering dialogue, including reflective equilibrium, intercultural ethics, and cosmopolitan moral frameworks, demonstrating that ethical pluralism and global moral engagement can coexist when guided by reasoned deliberation and mutual respect.
Technology and the Transformation of Human Identity
Technological advancement has profoundly reshaped human experience, affecting not only social structures and economies but also the very nature of identity. From digital communication and artificial intelligence to biotechnology and virtual reality, technology has altered the ways individuals perceive themselves, interact with others, and define what it means to be human. This paper explores the philosophical, psychological, and sociological dimensions of technological transformation, examining how technology influences self-conception, social identity, and moral responsibility. Drawing upon classical philosophical perspectives, contemporary media theory, and empirical research, the study investigates the interplay between technology and human identity, highlighting both opportunities for empowerment and potential risks, including alienation, loss of authenticity, and ethical dilemmas. Ultimately, the paper argues that understanding identity in the technological era requires interdisciplinary analysis and critical engagement with both humanist and posthumanist frameworks.
Free Will and Moral Responsibility: A Contemporary Metaphysical Debate
The concepts of free will and moral responsibility lie at the heart of human self-understanding and ethical practice. The metaphysical debate surrounding free will concerns whether humans can act autonomously in a world governed by deterministic laws or probabilistic processes. This paper explores contemporary discussions in metaphysics, examining compatibilist, libertarian, and hard determinist perspectives. It addresses how modern developments in neuroscience, psychology, and physics challenge classical assumptions about agency, autonomy, and moral accountability. Drawing upon philosophical literature, empirical findings, and thought experiments, this study critically evaluates the coherence of free will and its implications for moral responsibility. The paper argues that while metaphysical determinism challenges intuitive notions of freedom, compatibilist frameworks offer a viable reconciliation between determinism and moral accountability, though ethical reflection must remain sensitive to emerging scientific insights.
Gender, Power, and Social Reality: A Feminist Philosophical Approach
This paper examines how gender and power intersect in the construction of social reality from a feminist philosophical perspective. Feminist theory challenges traditional accounts of objectivity, identity, and authority by showing that social structures, cultural norms, and institutional practices are deeply gendered and often reproduce power imbalances. By integrating insights from feminist epistemology, social ontology, and critical social theory, the paper explores how gender relations shape individuals’ experiences, identity formation, and access to resources and recognition. It argues that gender cannot be understood merely as an individual attribute but as a relational and systemic dimension of social life that interacts with power, race, class, and other axes of inequality. The paper also considers the implications of these insights for political theory, social justice, and transformative praxis. Through analysis of foundational and contemporary feminist thinkers—such as Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, bell hooks, and Nancy Fraser—it articulates a feminist framework for understanding the intertwined nature of gender, power, and social reality.
The Algerian Revolution and Liberation Movements in Africa The People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) as a Model (1956-1974)
This study seeks to shed light on the influence of the Algerian Revolution on the thought and practice of the liberation movement in Angola. It also highlights the various forms of support provided by post-independence Algeria to the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, which spearheaded the fight against Portuguese colonialism for nearly twenty years.
Towards a sustainable city in Algeria: the legal framework and the challenges
Protecting the environment and achieving a decent standard of living have become urgent necessities for ensuring the quality of life of both individuals and society, given the rise in various environmental and human threats, these concepts are interrelated, and have been accompanied by the establishment of new and sustainable cities. The topic has received focused attention from researchers, decision-makers, and policy-makers as an alternative and comprehensive solution that reinforces efforts to achieve sustainable development in the context of increasing challenges. This study aims to shed light on this, by opening a discussion on the extent to which it can be adopted as a new approach to promoting sustainable development, as well as highlighting the challenges facing the Algerian experience in this context.
A Study of Fishermen’s Livelihoods and Fish Processing Practices in Rajnandgaon: Traditional Approaches and Economic Outcomes
There are 1.64 Lakh hectare average water area is available of fish culture in Chhattisgarh which require effective management for the welfare of poor fishermen. This study conducted a survey of socioeconomic condition of the fishermen’s who fully or partly depend on fishing activities in two selected reservoirs namely, Saroda and Chhirapani reservoirs in Kabirdham district, Chhattisgarh. The study evaluates the state of small-scale fishers, fishing operations, and cooperatives in terms of socio-economic indicators and success performance during 2016-17 fishing season in these reservoirs. During the survey, 83 fishers, all of whom cooperative members, were interviewed in six different fishing villages. It was found that most of the fishermen were at the age group 31-40 years(38.6%), larger family size (4-6). About 46.6% fishermen on both the sites were illiterate with no person above secondary level and 17% were educated above secondary level. Housing condition of fishermen is mostly Katcha (67%) semi-pucca (22%) and pucca (11%). The average annual household income of the land owner (LO) fishermen ranges from Rs 1796-566888 whereas average annual household income of the land less LL fishermen ranges from Rs 8407-36990 which is much below the poverty line. Agriculture is the main occupation and aqua ulture are the main secondary occupations for the LO farmers. LL fishermen are mainly fulltime fishermen with agriculture and aquaculture labor being the main secondary occupations. Fish culture can improve their socioeconomic condition.
Collider Events on a Quantum Computer Scattering Simulations
The study of quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavily on high-energy particle collisions, which shed light on how basic forces and particles act in very harsh environments. These collisions propel particles to energies beyond the detection limits of lower energy scales, allowing them to explore the most fundamental properties of matter. the impact of high-energy particle collisions on QFT, particularly in showing how these collisions test, improve, and expand QFT's predictions. To be more precise, we study how high-energy collisions challenge the predictions of the Standard Model, in particular for topics like particle generation, symmetry breaking and unification of forces. scientific discoveries, such as those made at particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which have confirmed theories like QCD in high-energy settings and offered proof of the Higgs boson, among other ideas. In addition, how high-energy collisions contribute to the investigation of QFT's boundaries, especially as they pertain to quantum gravity and the hunt for extra-standard model physics. We highlight the continued symbiotic relationship between high-energy particle collisions and quantum field theory by looking at both theoretical models and experimental data, and we speculate that future collisions may reveal more about the universe's basic mechanisms.
Rethinking University Governance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Accountability, and Human-Centered Decision-Making
The integration of artificial intelligence technologies in the governance of higher education appears to occur with record speed, altering the governance structures, the accountabilities, as well as the normative frameworks of universities. On the one hand, artificial intelligence technologies, through their integration in university governance, may serve as effective management tools that could enhance efficiency in the administration of the university. On the contrary, artificial intelligence technologies are also seen as challenging the prevailing governance structures, which were established with a focus on serving human actors. This article specifically critically rethinks university governance in the era of artificial intelligence. In essence, this particular piece of work examines, through the application of structural literature survey, the following particular dimensions of university governance in the era of artificial intelligence: the limitations of the prevailing structures in managing artificial intelligence-based decision-making processes in the university, as well as the role of ethical considerations in maintaining institutional legitimacy during the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in university governance. The study contributes to this ongoing debate by specifying the conditions of governance through which artificial intelligence has a salutary effect on academic values, democratic accountability, and trust, as opposed to a detrimental effect, and thereby lays a basis for further research.
The Power-Legitimacy Syndrome in International Law (The Threat of Territorial Annexation as a Mechanism for the Reproduction of Legal Norms)
Since its modern inception, international law has been structured around a persistent structural tension between its normative claim to restrain the use of force and to regulate international relations on the basis of sovereign equality, and the reality of power asymmetries that effectively govern international practice. International law does not eliminate the logic of power; rather, it reintegrates it within a legal framework that delineates spheres of prohibition and authorization, thereby allowing legal rules to be reinterpreted in light of prevailing power configurations. In this context, the practices of great powers acquire particular significance, insofar as they actively contribute to redefining the substantive content of legal norms and the limits of their binding force, not only through explicit violations, but also through the normalization of threatening discourse and its incorporation into what becomes legally tolerable. The statement by former U.S. President Donald Trump regarding the annexation of Greenland constitutes a revealing illustration of this shift: its significance lies not merely in the potential infringement of territorial integrity, but primarily in the instrumentalization of the threat of force as a means of implicitly renegotiating the legal norm itself. Tolerance of such practices leads to the erosion of compliance and the undermining of sovereign equality, resulting in a transformation of legitimacy from a normative, rule-based conception to a factual legitimacy grounded in the imposition of faits accomplis. Consequently, international law continues to operate not as an effective constraint on power, but as a discursive framework that enables its justification and the reproduction of dominance within a system that nonetheless claims legal authority.
Exploring the Role of Electrochemical Reactions in Energy Storage and Conversion
A lot of innovative energy storage and conversion technologies rely on electrochemical reactions, which are also important for creating renewable energy systems that are efficient, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly. the importance of electrochemical reactions in energy storage, particularly in devices like fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, and in energy conversion processes like electrolysis. Improving energy storage capacity, efficiency, and longevity is the focus of this examination of the basic concepts of electrochemical reactions, which include electron transfer, ion mobility, and redox processes. the most recent developments in electrochemical technology, showcasing breakthroughs in electrochemical capacitors and high-performance supercapacitors, and advancements in battery chemistry, including flow, solid-state, and lithium-ion batteries. In addition, methods for converting electrochemical energy are covered, with an emphasis on how they might facilitate a shift towards renewable, clean power sources. These methods include water electrolysis for hydrogen synthesis and fuel cells for power generation. Efficient, scalable, long-lasting, and cost-effective solutions are also provided. In the end, the paper proves that electrochemical processes are crucial for developing sustainable energy solutions on a global scale and for creating scalable energy systems with high performance.
The Reality of Diagnosing Learning Difficulties in the Algerian Primary School
This study aimed to investigate how primary school teachers in Algeria diagnose learning difficulties and examine the gap between classroom practices and opportunities for improvement. To address this research problem, the researchers adopted a descriptive approach to identify the phenomenon under study, monitor its manifestations, and predict its development among pupils with learning difficulties, drawing on both field research and documentary analysis. The findings of the study can be summarised as follows: the issue of learning difficulties does not receive sufficient attention within teacher training programs; the diagnosis of learning difficulties in Algerian primary schools relies largely on teachers' personal experience and is not guided by rigorous scientific standards; and teachers demonstrate limited familiarity with diagnostic tests and measurement tools for learning difficulties, which restricts their practical application with this group of pupils under appropriate conditions.
The Qur’an as an Open Text: The Plural Dimension of Meaning
This study addresses the theme of "the Qur'an as an open text" from a contemporary hermeneutical perspective. It seeks to analyse the plural dimension of meaning within the Qur'anic text through an engagement with linguistic, philosophical, and hermeneutical approaches. The research proceeds from the Western concept of the open text as developed by Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco, examining the possibility of applying this framework to the Qur'anic text without compromising its sacredness. The study further surveys the history of interpretation within the Islamic intellectual tradition, from the Muʿtazilites and philosophers to the Sufis and proponents of the maqāṣid approach, before advancing to a contemporary reading that engages with the challenges of modernity and questions of renewal. The paper concludes that, despite its textual fixity, the Qur’an remains open to a plurality of significations and that a renewed understanding of the text does not negate its sanctity but rather activates its enduring capacity to address humanity.
Optimizing Nutritional Content in Processed Foods: Challenges and Innovations
Within the scope of this study, we examine several methods that may be used to enhance the nutritional value of processed foods without affecting their quality or safety. There are several other approaches that are being investigated, including as fortification, enzyme treatments, and the utilisation of functional components. In addition, the study underscores the difficulties associated with striking a balance between the demands for convenience, flavour, and nutritional content, especially in the context of consumer preferences and shifts in dietary habits. Discussion is held about the most important developments in food formulations and processing technologies that make it possible for nutrients to be preserved in processed foods.
Voice At The Test Of Schooling: Recitation, Rhythm, And Subjectivation
This article examines school recitation as a philosophical problem at the intersection of poetics, philosophy of language, and subjectivity. Drawing on Émile Benveniste’s theory of enunciation and Henri Meschonnic’s poetics of rhythm, it argues that traditional practices of recitation tend to reduce poetry to a formal utterance, thereby obscuring its enunciative and rhythmic dimensions. Through the analysis of classroom situations observed in Algerian primary education, the study shows how recitation often suppresses voice and prevents poetic experience as a process of subjectivation. The article proposes a reconceptualization of memorization as an enunciative practice, in which poetry becomes a lived experience rather than a reproduced text. By placing voice at the center of poetic practice, it defends an understanding of poetry as an event of language inseparable from rhythm and from the emergence of the speaking subject.
Ecological Dynamics in a Changing World: Investigating Adaptation and Resilience in Ecosystems
"Ecological Dynamics in a Changing World: Investigating Adaptation and Resilience in Ecosystems" delves into the intricate interplay between ecological dynamics and environmental change, exploring how ecosystems adapt and evolve in response to shifting environmental conditions. This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying adaptation and resilience in ecosystems, shedding light on the complex interactions between organisms, communities, and their environment. Ecosystems are dynamic and complex systems, characterized by the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment. In the face of environmental change, ecosystems exhibit remarkable resilience, demonstrating their capacity to absorb disturbances and maintain stability. However, the magnitude and pace of environmental change are accelerating, posing unprecedented challenges to ecosystems worldwide. Understanding how ecosystems adapt and evolve in response to environmental change is crucial for predicting their future trajectories and informing conservation and management efforts. This paper explores the mechanisms of adaptation, including genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and ecological interactions, that enable organisms to survive and thrive in changing environments. Additionally, it examines the concept of ecological resilience, which refers to the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from disturbances while maintaining their essential functions and services. Recent advancements in ecological research, coupled with innovative modeling techniques and long-term monitoring efforts, have provided valuable insights into the dynamics of ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. From terrestrial forests to marine ecosystems, scientists are unraveling the intricate web of interactions that shape ecosystem resilience and adaptation. By integrating empirical data with theoretical frameworks, researchers can develop predictive models to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems to environmental stressors and identify strategies for enhancing their resilience.
Political Symbolism in Tareq Hammadi’s Play Al-Mirya’: A Semiotic Reading of Characters and Events
This study aims to analyze the political symbolism in Tareq Hammadi’s play Al-Mirya’ through a semiotic approach focusing on the characters (the Mirya’, the Generals, and the flock) and the key events (isolation, castration, and the wearing of the bell). The study deconstructs these elements as cultural signs that reveal the mechanisms of authoritarian hegemony in manufacturing an artificial leader used to domesticate the masses. The analysis adopts a semiotic methodology (Umberto Eco / Roland Barthes) supported by the study of dialogues and dramatic conflict to link the text to the Algerian collective memory. It reveals a scathing critique of contemporary authoritarian regimes and the contradictions of pseudo-leadership and culturally normalized oppression.
Decentralized Renewable Energy Solutions for Urban Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities
There is an immediate demand for sustainable energy solutions due to the growing number of cities and the associated environmental problems. Solar photovoltaics, small-scale wind turbines, and local energy storage are examples of decentralised renewable energy systems that present a promising alternative to centralised grid systems. These systems are especially well-suited for urban contexts. Potentially lessening emissions of greenhouse gases, increasing energy security, and fortifying urban infrastructure are all goals that could be attained with these solutions. However, there are a number of obstacles, such as legal hurdles, high starting costs, and technological constraints, that prevent decentralised renewable energy systems from being widely used in urban settings. ln terms of urban sustainability, the possibilities and threats connected with distributed renewable energy systems. how to overcome implementation hurdles by the use of novel technology, policy backing, and community involvement. The article goes on to list the environmental, social, and economic advantages of decentralisation, such as less transmission losses, a more resilient grid, and more local control over energy production and use. Analyses and presents case studies of decentralised energy systems that have worked in cities, providing knowledge on how to replicate these solutions for more sustainable city planning. Full realisation of the potential of decentralised renewable energy for urban sustainability requires an integrative approach that incorporates technology innovation, policy frameworks, and community participation.
The Interconnection of Historical Text and the Illusion of Fictional Discourse: Raml al-Maya by Waciny Laredj as a Case Study
This article investigates how historical and fictional discourses intersect and mutually reshape one another in Waciny Laredj’s novel Raml al-Maya: The Tragedy of the One Thousand and Seventh Night. It argues that the novel constructs a complex "textual interconnection" between history and fiction through its paratexts, its dense intertextual relations with One Thousand and One Nights, and its sustained reworking of classical and historical sources. The study adopts a narratological and semiotic approach to Gérard Genette’s notion of the paratext, combined with close reading of key narrative episodes that fictionalize well-known historical figures such as Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, al-Hallaj, and Ibn Rushd. It shows how the novel blurs the boundary between historical fact and narrative invention, and how it employs what is here termed a "textual paradox"—a double positioning between an antecedent text and a later re writing—to question both official historiography and inherited literary forms. By foregrounding the roles of the warraqūn (court chroniclers) and by reframing the narrative contract of One Thousand and One Nights through the voice of Dunyazad and the figure of al Bashir the Morisco, Raml al-Maya turns history into a contested narrative field. The article concludes that reading these novel amounts to rereading Arab–Islamic history itself, and that this rereading lay bare the continuities between past catastrophes and present forms of political oppression.
Algerian Efforts in Editing Literary Manuscripts: Al‑Akhdari and Ben Badis as a Case Study
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God. This study seeks to shed light on the efforts of Algerian scholars in the critical editing of literary heritage. Manuscripts in Algeria have appeared in diverse forms and genres, and literature has had an appreciable share of this manuscript legacy. As literature represents one of the core markers of Islamic civilizational identity, Algerian scholars distinguished themselves early on in writing in Arabic. Among the foremost early figures with a substantial contribution to literary writing is the eminent scholar Al‑Akhdari, may God have mercy on him, who left behind a rich legacy in literature, especially in rhetoric. Among the modern scholars stands the great Imam Abdelhamid Ben Badis, may God have mercy on him, whose name immediately comes to mind whenever serious, elevated literature is mentioned. He is regarded as the pioneer of the literary renaissance in Algeria. Ben Badis stated on several occasions that one of the aims of founding the Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars was to restore the Arabic language to its rightful status, as it is the foundation of religion and a source of peoples’ happiness. He contributed to authorship and classification in Quranic exegesis and showed great concern for the lexical dimension in his interpretive work. The writings of both scholars initially appeared as manuscripts, which scholars later undertook to edit and publish in renewed and accessible form. This paper will outline those efforts in the editing of their works, following a foundational approach to the science of manuscript editing. The main topics are organized as follows: • Defining manuscripts and clarifying their importance • Presenting the roles of Al‑Akhdari and Ben Badis in literary studies • Reviewing the efforts of Algerian scholars in editing literary heritage
An Analysis of Accounting and the Scope It Covers
The practise of accounting is an essential component of the world of business. It entails the measurement and processing of financial information about a business, as well as the distribution of such information to different stakeholders. Financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, and taxes are all components that fall under the umbrella of accounting. The process of documenting, summarising, and reporting financial information to external stakeholders like as investors, creditors, and regulatory agencies is referred to as financial accounting. It comprises the creation of financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, among other things. Accounting for management, on the other hand, refers to the process of disseminating financial information to internal stakeholders, such as managers and executives, for the purpose of facilitating decision-making inside an organisation. This includes activities such as cost accounting, performance analysis, and budgeting. Auditing is a procedure that includes the inspection of financial statements and other financial information to verify that they are correct and conform with applicable rules and regulations. Auditing is a process that involves the examination of financial statements and other financial information. The process of determining the amount of tax that has to be paid by an entity and then actually making those payments is an essential part of accounting. Accounting is comprised of a diverse array of tasks, each of which is essential to the successful administration of a company, and accounting plays a crucial part in both. Its purview encompasses financial accounting, management accounting, auditing, and taxes, and it caters to a wide range of stakeholders, both internal and external to the organisation.
The Level of Quality of Life of Women Victims of Violence in Algerian Society
Violence against women constitutes a serious violation that leaves deep psychological, physical, and social effects, directly impacting their quality of life and creating long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess the level of quality of life among women victims of violence in Algerian society and to identify the areas most deteriorated due to exposure to violence. To achieve the study’s objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The study included a purposive sample of 32 women victims of violence, and the quality of life scale was used to measure three main areas: mental and physical health, social relationships, and environmental satisfaction. The results showed that the victims suffer from a significant decrease in their quality of life, reflecting the deep and multidimensional impact of violence on their daily lives.
The Physiological Basis of Hibernation in Mammals
Hibernation is a complicated physiological adaptation that allows mammals, especially those living in temperate and polar regions, to survive for extended periods of time when food is few and the environment is harsh. In order to store energy reserves for the winter, animals enter a state of deep metabolic suppression known as hibernation. This state is characterized by a synchronized decrease in body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and total energy expenditure. Complex molecular, cellular, and systemic regulatory mechanisms underpin hibernation's physiological basis. These mechanisms include changes in metabolic fuel utilization from carbohydrates to lipids, modulation of mitochondrial function, and suppression of non-essential physiological processes. The hypothalamus, thyroid hormones, and melatonin are all important neuroendocrine regulators that help start and keep torpor states going. The underlying causes of periodic arousals, which are necessary for the maintenance of brain and immunological functions and are characterized by the transient restoration of euthermic circumstances, are only partially understood. In order to prevent tissue damage during cycles of hypothermia and rewarming, hibernation entails reversible changes in gene expression, protein synthesis, and neuroprotection. This finding has important biological implications for organ preservation, hypothermia therapy, and space travel. examines the physiological processes that cause mammals to hibernate, delves into the adaptive value of this phenomenon, and discusses new viewpoints on how it relates to human health and biomedical advancements.
The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Accounting Quality: A Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on accounting quality across various jurisdictions. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, we synthesize findings to assess the overall effect of IFRS adoption on accounting quality metrics such as earnings management, financial statement comparability, and transparency. Our analysis incorporates data from multiple countries and industries to provide a holistic view of the relationship between IFRS adoption and accounting quality. The results indicate a mixed but generally positive impact of IFRS adoption on accounting quality, with evidence suggesting improvements in certain aspects such as earnings transparency and comparability, while also highlighting challenges such as increased complexity and subjectivity in financial reporting. Furthermore, our meta-analysis explores potential moderators and mediating factors that influence the relationship between IFRS adoption and accounting quality, including institutional differences, regulatory enforcement, and firm-specific characteristics. Overall, this meta-analysis contributes to our understanding of the consequences of IFRS adoption for accounting quality and provides insights for policymakers, standard setters, and practitioners in evaluating the effectiveness of international accounting standards in promoting high-quality financial reporting.
The Algerian Sahara in French Policy - Vital Resources as an Example
Water is an essential element of life. It is the main reason that drives humans to gather and establish civilizations throughout history, contributing to their prosperity and development. In the desert, water is the main source of life and the primary factor determining the nature, form, and economic, social, and cultural characteristics of human settlements. In this article, we attempt to highlight its importance and locations, especially in the southern region, namely the Sahara, in addition to the various ways of utilizing and benefiting from it in living and agriculture during the French colonial period. This research relies heavily on the writings of foreign authors and experts in this field, who traveled through the Sahara and recorded important details about its nature and human life, such as the French expert Ville, who produced a detailed report on the Sahara and its most important water sources, which was one of the reports relied upon by the French administration to complete its settlement project in the region.
The Reality and Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence Applications in Supporting Students with Learning Difficulties: From the Perspective of Teachers at Private Centers
This study aimed to investigate the reality and challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) applications in supporting students with learning difficulties, from the perspective of teachers at private centers in the city of Saida. The sample consisted of 70 teachers from specialized centers. The study employed a descriptive method, using a questionnaire as the tool for data collection. The study yielded the following results: • The level of awareness among teachers at specialized centers regarding the importance of using AI technologies to support students with learning difficulties was high. • No significant differences were found between male and female teachers in their perceptions of the importance of using AI applications for supporting students with learning difficulties. However, the study indicated statistically significant differences attributed to professional experience, favoring teachers with more than six years of experience. • There are also obstacles that limit the use of AI applications by teachers.
Reimagining Art Curation: The Role of Technology in Shaping Contemporary Art Exhibitions
As a result of the proliferation of digital technology, the landscape of contemporary art curation has undergone a dramatic transformation, presenting novel approaches to the engagement of audiences and the presentation of art. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact that technology has had on the development of art exhibitions, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which technology, digital tools, and interactive technologies are reinventing established curatorial methods. The research illustrates how technology is expanding the frontiers of how art is experienced and understood by analysing case studies of contemporary art exhibitions that include virtual reality, augmented reality, interactive installations, and digital projection. These exhibitions are examples of how technology is expanding the bounds of art. the ways in which curators are utilising new technologies to create spaces that are immersive, multi-sensory, and stimulate deeper spectator engagement in order to democratise access to art. In addition, the research investigates the difficulties and possibilities that are brought about by the incorporation of technology, considering the influence that it has on curatorial ethics, accessibility, and the preservation of art. According to the findings, technology is not only improving the experience of visiting an exhibition, but it is also altering the function of the curator, putting them in a position where they are facilitators of interaction between art, technology, and the general audience. When it comes down to it, the combination of art and technology is a driving force in the future of art curation. It offers new opportunities for innovation, inclusion, and audience participation.
Artificial Intelligence as a Pedagogical Innovation in Higher Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, offering unprecedented opportunities for enhancing teaching and learning processes. This study investigates the role of AI as a pedagogical innovation in the context of higher education, specifically focusing on its applications in language didactics. By conducting an experimental study with two groups at the University of Mohamed-Cherif Messadia, Souk-Ahras—one group using AI tools and the other following traditional methods—this research aims to analyze the conceptual foundations, practical applications, and pedagogical transformations induced by AI. The study also explores the effects of AI on students’ competencies, the evolving role of teachers, and the limitations and challenges of integrating AI into university pedagogy. Results indicate that AI not only enhances personalized learning, assessment, and engagement but also serves as a catalyst for innovative teaching strategies. This work provides a theoretical and practical framework for leveraging AI in higher education and contributes to a better understanding of its transformative potential in foreign language teaching.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Models for Transparent Decision-Making in High-Risk Domains
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are increasingly deployed in high-risk domains such as healthcare, finance, criminal justice, and autonomous systems. While these models often demonstrate superior predictive performance, their opaque nature raises serious concerns regarding accountability, trust, fairness, and ethical compliance. This paper examines the role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in enhancing transparency and interpretability of AI-driven decisions in high-risk environments. It reviews key explainability techniques, compares model-agnostic and model-specific approaches, and analyzes their applicability across critical domains. The study highlights regulatory and ethical implications and identifies challenges related to accuracy–interpretability trade-offs. The paper argues that explainability is not merely a technical enhancement but a foundational requirement for responsible AI deployment in high-stakes decision-making contexts.
Integrated Management of Archaeological Heritage to Achieve the Dual Goals of Tourism Development and Local Identity Preservation
This study examines the integrated management of archaeological heritage as a strategic approach to harmonize tourism development with the preservation of local identity. Archaeological sites are valuable cultural assets that reflect historical, social, and cultural dimensions of a community. Unplanned tourism can threaten the authenticity and integrity of these sites. This research highlights the principles and practices of integrated heritage management, emphasizing conservation, documentation, scientific research, community involvement, and education to achieve sustainable tourism that respects cultural heritage. The findings indicate that effective heritage management enhances tourism, strengthens communal identity, and ensures the intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge, balancing economic and cultural objectives.
Homeopathy in Geriatric Medicine: Its Role in Enhancing Quality of Life for Elderly Patients
Due to its holistic approach and few side effects, homeopathy is becoming more and more acknowledged as a supplemental or alternative therapy in geriatric medicine. This makes it a good fit for elderly patients who frequently deal with numerous chronic health issues. the possible advantages of homoeopathy in the management of age-related health conditions including cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, cognitive decline, and arthritis in improving the quality of life for the aged. research on the efficacy of homeopathic treatments in enhancing the psychological, emotional, and physiological health of the elderly, including RCTs, observational studies, and case reports. Research has shown that certain homeopathic remedies, like Rhus tox, Arnica montana, and Calcarea carbonica, can help alleviate some of the frequent pain, anxiety, and exhaustion symptoms that older people face. When compared to traditional treatments, which could overlook the complexities of aging, homeopathy's personalized approach, in which remedies are made according to each patient's unique symptoms and constitution, could be a huge boon. Existing studies include methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and a lack of rigorous control groups, which means the data is still unclear. Additional high-quality, large-scale research are necessary to determine the effectiveness and possible advantages of homeopathy as an adjuvant treatment for older individuals.
New constitutional principles for the management of public services in Algeria : an analysis in light of the 2020 constitutional amendment
This article examines the impact of the 2020 constitutional amendment on the principles governing public services in the Algerian legal system, focusing in particular on Article 27, which is analysed in order to highlight how the constitution reaffirms the classic principles of public services, foremost among which are continuity, equality between users, and the adaptability of services to change. At the same time, it enshrines modern principles for the management of public services, namely transparency, equitable coverage of the national territory, and quality of services provided, reflecting the trend towards upgrading public services and improving their quality.
Engineering Nothingness: The Limits of Human Dignity between Anti-Natalism and Contemporary Eugenics
This study explores anti-natalist philosophy and eugenics as contemporary manifestations of the reengineering of human beings and the deconstruction of human nature within the fundamental tension between human dignity, biological constraints, and sociocultural particularities. In this context, the refusal to procreate or the decision to undergo eugenic enhancement ceases to be a purely personal choice. Instead, it becomes an ethical and political instrument that reshapes the individual according to external criteria. The study further undertakes a philosophical deconstruction of the ideological dimensions underpinning these currents. It interrogates the universalist claims of bioethics, highlighting the risks posed to individual freedom and anthropological diversity. From this perspective, anti-natalism and eugenics emerge as arenas of conflict among ethics, politics, and science, in which the limits of control over human life are tested, and the question arises of whether the human being may still be defended as an autonomous agent in the face of attempts at fragmentation and reconfiguration.
The Philosophy of Self and Other in the Thought of the Divine Religions
An attentive reading of the contemporary global context, particularly the situation of the Muslim community, reveals that conflict is no longer limited to the economic and political domains shaped by globalization, but has also taken on a distinctly religious dimension. This is manifested both within individual societies, through sectarian divisions, and in the interactions among followers of the three Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Such a reality can largely be explained by the growing detachment of many adherents from the true essence of their religious teachings, coupled with the rising dominance of certain religious discourses that have gradually supplanted the foundational message of religion. As a result, the discourse of some religious authorities—priests, rabbis, and jurists—has, at times, come to overshadow the original religious message grounded in spiritual and humanistic values. Nevertheless, this assessment should not be indiscriminately applied to all religious figures, as many have remained committed to the spirit of dialogue and coexistence that lies at the heart of the divine revelations. Yet, certain movements and sectarian trends within the three religions have contributed to reshaping religious discourse, shifting it from a framework based on tolerance and dialogue to one marked by ideological confrontation and conflict, thereby distancing it from the fundamental purpose of religion, which is to foster shared human values. In light of this, it becomes essential to return to the authentic religious discourses within Islam, Christianity, and Judaism—discourses that have historically sought to mitigate religious conflict and to oppose all forms of extremism. From this standpoint, the article seeks to examine the religious heritage of these three traditions with the aim of reviving the common human values that unite followers of different faiths, values rooted in the recognition of difference as a legitimate form of diversity rather than a cause of discord. The discussion will therefore be confined to presenting three illustrative models drawn from Jewish, Christian, and Islamic heritage that exemplify these principles of coexistence.
Enhancing Security with Quantum Key Distribution: A Comparative Study of Protocols
An innovative step forward in cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses quantum physics to provide unmatched security. gives a comparative analysis of multiple QKD protocols, analyzing their advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications; these protocols include BB84, E91, and continuous-variable QKD. We may determine which protocols are most suited for certain communication circumstances by comparing their security aspects, such as their capacity to withstand eavesdropping and how well they work in noisy environments. Furthermore, there are a number of obstacles that are now preventing QKD from being widely used, such as issues with scalability and integration with present infrastructures. The results imply that, despite QKD's unrivaled security benefits, the technology's future success will hinge on resolving technological hurdles and guaranteeing its smooth adoption across many sectors.
Le rôle des mouvements associatifs initiés par Cheikh Abdelhamid Benbadis dans le développement de l’esprit nationaliste dans l’Algérie coloniale
This article examines the impact of the associative movements initiated by Abdelhamid Benbadis, an Algerian reformer and intellectual, and their role in fostering a sense of national identity and belonging to a religion, a language, and a nation. Since this awakening of national consciousness could not be achieved through direct discourse, the thinker employed the means at his disposal to shape an entire generation towards national awareness. An elite, comprised of athletes, writers, and cultural figures, emerged as a direct product of this associative movement, leading directly to an elite conscious of the challenges they faced: namely, instilling the idea of the nation within the social group, united by language and a shared homeland. One cannot understand Abdelhamid Benbadis's cultural and sporting journey without defining the socio-historical context imposed by the Indigenous Law, the primary obstacle to the Algerian voice.
Optimizing Athletic Performance: The Role of Training, Nutrition, and Recovery
Athletic performance is influenced by multiple factors, with training, nutrition, and recovery playing pivotal roles. This paper explores the interdependence of these three components and their impact on enhancing sports performance. It highlights various training methodologies, the significance of macronutrients and micronutrients in diet, and the necessity of adequate recovery techniques, including sleep and active rest. The findings suggest that a holistic approach integrating tailored training programs, well-structured nutrition plans, and efficient recovery strategies leads to optimal athletic performance and injury prevention. Athletic performance is a multifactorial phenomenon shaped by training regimen, nutritional strategies, and recovery practices. This paper synthesizes current evidence on how optimized training methodologies, targeted nutrition, and systematic recovery protocols interact to enhance performance outcomes in athletes across disciplines. Findings suggest that periodized training models, individualized macronutrient planning, and science-based recovery modalities (e.g., sleep, active recovery, and hydration) each contribute uniquely to performance and reduce injury risk. The integration of these components fosters sustainable athletic development and competitive success.
Powers of the Ship Captain Between the Specific Requirements of Maritime Navigation and the Necessity of Representing Public Authority
The study is concerned with the specificity of the ship captain's powers during maritime navigation under Algerian legislation. It highlights the powers related to the specific requirements of maritime navigation in the marine environment, alongside examining the provisions concerning powers linked to representing public authority.