European Journal of Philosophical Research
The European Journal of Philosophical Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal dedicated to the dissemination of original, high-quality research. Indexed in ERIH PLUS, the journal follows internationally recognized academic and ethical publishing standards. While rooted in philosophical inquiry, the journal is presently evolving into a multidisciplinary platform, encouraging scholarly contributions that engage with philosophy as well as allied and emerging disciplines across the humanities, social sciences, and interdisciplinary domains. All submissions undergo independent peer review, and the journal operates on a full open-access model without charging any Article Processing Charges (APC). Through its commitment to academic rigor, ethical publishing, and open dissemination of knowledge, the European Journal of Philosophical Research aims to foster international scholarly dialogue and support the advancement of research across disciplines. Key Information Journal Title: European Journal of Philosophical Research Print ISSN: 2408-9435 (Russian-language print edition) Online ISSN: 2413-7286 (English-language online edition) Publisher & Founder: Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., Slovakia Indexing: ERIH PLUS Access Model: Open Access (no subscription, no APC) License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Copyright: Authors retain copyright; non-commercial reuse permitted with attribution Scope of the Journal Philosophy and philosophical traditions Ethics, logic, epistemology, metaphysics Social sciences and humanities Law, Ethics, and Governance Education and Psychology Economics, Management, and Society Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research
French Nuclear Explosions in the Algerian Sahara Between 1960 -1966 AD and International Reactions
The French nuclear detonations in the Reggane region (Hamoudia) of the Algerian desert are considered one of the silent crimes against humanity that continue to have a devastating impact on the environment. This catastrophe began with the detonation of the first bomb on February 13, 1960, the power of which exceeded four times that of the Japanese Hiroshima bomb. This event was followed by mixed international reactions condemning those nuclear tests and their aftermath.
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Comparative Analysis of Acupressure and Conventional Pain Management Techniques
Pain is one of the most common health problems affecting individuals worldwide and can significantly impair physical functioning, psychological well-being, and quality of life. Conventional pain management techniques, including pharmacological therapies and physical rehabilitation methods, are widely used to control pain. However, concerns regarding medication-related side effects, dependency, and treatment costs have led to increased interest in complementary therapies such as acupressure. Acupressure is a non-invasive technique derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine that involves applying pressure to specific points on the body to promote pain relief and healing. The findings indicate that both acupressure and conventional pain management techniques are effective in reducing pain. Conventional treatments, particularly pharmacological interventions, often provide rapid symptom relief but may be associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, sedation, and risk of dependency. Acupressure demonstrated significant benefits in reducing pain intensity, promoting relaxation, improving physical functioning, and enhancing overall well-being with minimal side effects. While conventional methods may be more appropriate for severe or acute pain conditions, acupressure was found to be a valuable complementary or alternative approach, particularly for chronic pain management and long-term symptom control.
The Eloquent Rhetoric in Qatari ibn al-Fuja'ah Sermon on the Censure of and Warning Against Worldly Life
This study adopts a rhetorical approach to explore the depth of artistic vision embodied in the sermon of Qatari ibn al-Fuja'ah. It examines the richness of its expressive texture through its figurative techniques, modes of imagery, verbal harmony, and intertextual engagement with Islamic religious texts. The study also investigates the artistic principles that govern the sermon's structural organization. The findings reveal that Qatari ibn al-Fuja'ah's sermon represents an outstanding model of eloquence and persuasive exhortation. Embedded within it is a universal human truth that transcends the boundaries of time and place. This truth is articulated through a captivating linguistic framework in which rhetorical resources are densely woven and expressive elements are seamlessly integrated into a coherent, sophisticated artistic structure that combines profound persuasive power with enduring semantic depth.
Modern Paintings as A Way to Fight Back Against Political Oppression
Modern works of art often reflect the ideological disagreements, social conflicts, and cultural challenges of today's society. This makes them powerful tools of political resistance. Modern artists use painting as a way to protest government power, inequality, violence, oppression, and injustice. They do this by using color, symbols, and experimenting with art. This piece looks at how art has been used as a form of resistance in modern paintings and how political issues have been shown visually during this time. How modern types of art show modern political and social issues like racism, sexism, climate change, migration, state violence, economic unfairness, and violations of human rights. Modern artists often use multimedia elements along with realism, abstraction, symbolism, and other realist methods to make people aware of social issues and criticize politics. Aside from their more clear aesthetic uses, artworks are also used to criticize society and politics, change culture, and protest. The link between visual art, political identity, and collective resistance is also talked about, along with how artists use their work to show historically silenced views and disadvantaged groups. In modern times, art has changed into a way to speak out about politics and feelings, with many works showing both individual experiences and group fights. What part do modern political themes play in pop culture? How do things like social movements, digital media, and world events shape these themes?
Postmodern Art Looks at the Past, Present, and Future
Postmodern art is mostly about memory and identity, which is a reflection of how separated, confusing, and always-changing modern life is for people. Postmodern creative practices use experimental visual forms to look into issues of memory (both individual and societal), migration and culture, trauma and social change, gender and gender roles, and traditional historical stories. This piece looks at how modern artists use their art to show subjective experiences, historical awareness, and cultural hybridity. It also looks at how memory and identity are linked in postmodern art. Using painting, photography, installation art, digital media, collage, performance art, and other media, these artists explore different fields to show how memories are fragmented and how identities change over time. Postmodern artists often use irony, fragmentation, repetition, mixed media, and symbols in their work to question ideas of originality, sincerity, and historical truth. Instead of a static record of what happened, these creative methods show memory as a living thing that is affected by both individual and group experiences. When it comes to the process of building oneself, postmodern art also deals with issues like trauma, relocation, globalization, the colonial past, gender, racism, and technological progress. Artists often mix personal stories with cultural and political themes to criticize dominant ideas and give people a voice who do not have one. Visual expression is a way to remember, fight forgetting, and figure out who you are in a world where social and cultural norms are always changing.
A Reading of The Poetry of the Abbasid Era, and the Ancient Poets' Attachment to the Baghdad Civilization
The dimensions of this research are evident in the value of Baghdad and the poets' preference for it, due to its picturesque nature and fresh air, which makes it closer to the image of paradise. Baghdad occupied a distinguished position among other poets because of the free social life it provided them, allowing for many practices such as drinking alcohol and entertainment, in addition to the deep emotional dimension, as the poets depicted Baghdad upon separation from it as a beloved they long for, thus strengthening the emotional relationship between them and the city. Which makes it in the imagination a symbol of inspiration and life، Accordingly, we raise the following questions: Have poets succeeded in praising Baghdad? Was Baghdad a sad emotional experience when it fell that reflected the fall of the Arab nation?
The Relationship Between Poetry and Visual Art
Creative and cultural investigations into the link between visual art and poetry have long focused on the deep connection between visual and linguistic representations. Both visual art and poetry employ symbolic language, imagery, rhythm, and creative imagination to communicate thoughts, feelings, memories, and the human condition. examines the relationship between poetry and visual art, tracing the mutual influences between the two forms and how they have shaped contemporary cultural expression. Visual poetry incorporates components of visual art (pictures, illustrations, photographs, etc.) with poetic elements. Visual artists, like poets, employ color, composition, texture, and shape to evoke narrative and emotional meanings. They also utilize language to paint rich sensory images through metaphor, symbolism, and descriptive imagery. When words and images combine, it creates a multidisciplinary artistic experience that lets the audience explore the work's meaning and emotion on a deeper level. Poetry and visual art also provide unique perspectives on universal themes such as social injustice, love, nature, trauma, spirituality, and self-discovery. Contemporary poets and artists combine visual and textual elements in a variety of ways, including illustrated poetry, graphic narrative, digital media, installation art, and experimental creative methods. Through the use of these interdisciplinary approaches, the traditional barrier between literary and visual culture is being challenged.
Towards a New Rhetorical Reading of Abdul Qahir al-Jurjāni's Theory of Metaphor: A Reassessment in Light of New Rhetoric
This paper reinterprets Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani's rhetorical writings through the lens of New Rhetoric, arguing that metaphor is not merely ornamental but a cognitive and perceptual process central to meaning and persuasion. It proposes that al-Jurjani anticipated modern theories of conceptual metaphor and argumentation by treating metaphor as an inferential tool in discourse. Using an analytical comparison with thinkers such as Paul Ricoeur and George Lakoff, the study reveals the epistemological and argumentative depth of al-Jurjani's ideas. It also challenges conventional readings of his work, presenting metaphor as a mechanism for generating meaning and shaping mental vision. More broadly, the paper seeks to position Arabic rhetoric within global scholarly debates and offers practical ways to renew rhetorical studies today. By linking classical Arabic thought with contemporary cognitive science, it calls for a new rhetoric capable of strengthening persuasion, critical awareness, and intellectual engagement in modern discourse for diverse Arab audiences today.
Hormonal Stability and Endocrine Wellness as a Result of Yoga
Yoga, an ancient practise that incorporates the body and mind, has become popular around the globe due to the integrative approach it takes to health and wellness. the impact of yoga on hormonal balance and endocrine wellness, with an eye on shedding light on the mental and physiological processes that contribute to these benefits. An extensive search of scholarly sources yielded a variety of studies that comprised various yoga practises for different durations. Research has shown that yoga can help regulate hormones in many different ways. A well-established advantage of yoga practice is the reduction of stress, which in turn can reduce cortisol levels and sympathetic nervous system activity. Another way yoga helps with hormone balance is by raising parasympathetic tone and triggering relaxation responses. Adding to the growing body of evidence supporting yoga's positive impact on hormonal health, studies have linked regular yoga practice to lower levels of inflammatory markers.
The Influence of the Western Novel on Arabic Narrative From the Perspective of "Abdullah Ibrahim"
has led Arab critics to impose on the Arabic text within visions alien to it that do not grasp its aesthetics and the culture in which it was produced. Abdullah Ibrahim is one of the most important critics who tried to refute the idea that the Arabic novel is a product of Western literature and that it is foreign to Arabic literature due to the conditions that prevailed in the West in the 19th century - which had a great impact on the countries of the Levant, especially during the colonial campaigns - and accordingly, Ibrahim tried to deconstruct the old Arabic texts and study their development by linking them to Arabic culture and its particularities without neglecting their relationship to Western influences, especially after the Arabization movement and the colonial campaign, in order to ultimately demolish the assumption that the Arabic novel is a purely Western product.
How Yoga Can Help You Maintain a Healthy Weight and Avoid Obesity
The global obesity epidemic is a major public health concern because it has devastating effects on people's physical and emotional well-being. In the quest for effective and long-term weight control solutions, the ancient practise of yoga has arisen as an attractive and comprehensive approach. the various methods via which yoga might aid in the control and prevention of obesity. A person's mental and emotional well-being are also affected by their level of obesity, and yoga can help with that by promoting mindfulness, self-awareness, and the adoption of healthier lifestyle patterns. More and more research is showing that yoga can increase metabolic rate, reduce the risk of stress-related weight gain, and promote sustainable weight loss. The fact that yoga can be adapted to suit the needs of practitioners with different levels of physical fitness and age groups further adds to its widespread popularity. the life-altering power of yoga for weight loss and prevention of obesity, we find a game-changer that helps people embark on a path to more comprehensive health and wellness.
Mechanisms of Organization and Criteria of Selection in the Classical Arabic Poetic Heritage
Arabic poetry stands as the complete archive of Arab wisdom which documents their actual life events while showcasing their mental brilliance and their gathered knowledge. The system allowed people to judge others while enabling them to ask for help but the system represented the highest source of knowledge according to their perspective. Their lively social events together with their book trade made poetry their most important cultural tradition because they shared these verses through memory and spoken word and through group learning during their annual festivals. The first poetic anthologies stand among the most important collections which maintain pre-Islamic and early Islamic poetry in existence. The creators based their selection process on different rules because they needed to achieve their desired results through the work. The Muʿallaqāt represent the highest point of early poetic creation while the Mufaḍḍaliyyāt focus on identifying the most excellent and well-known literary works and the Aṣmaʿiyyāt concentrate on maintaining the exactness of speech and poetic beauty and the Jamharat Ashʿār al-ʿArab seeks to establish the most extensive collection of various poetic works from different time periods. The collection shows that people recognized poetry value from the beginning while different editors used their own goals to select poems and the first literary scholars worked hard to protect poetic works which they passed down to future readers.
Cybersecurity Obstacles within the Context of Digital Commerce
As the sector of digital commerce continues to expand at a rapid pace, cybersecurity has emerged as an important point of concern. As a result of the growing prevalence of online platforms, e-commerce websites, mobile payment systems, and digital banking services, businesses and individuals are increasingly vulnerable to cyber risks. These threats include data breaches, phishing attacks, identity theft, ransomware, and financial fraud. Because of the continued growth of digital transactions, it is now absolutely necessary to protect the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive information in order to preserve the trust and stability that are present in online business environments. the primary cybersecurity concerns faced in digital commerce and their impact on organizations and consumers. It sheds light on the ways in which cyberattacks can prevent corporate operations from running smoothly, cause reputational harm to a brand, and lead to financial losses. consumer databases, cloud storage, online markets, and digital payment systems are all susceptible to vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it analyzes the increasing complexity of cybercriminals as well as the changing nature of cyber risks in the context of the digital economy.
Constructing Educational Programs: Conceptual Foundations, Theoretical Underpinnings, and Procedural Models
This paper investigates the notion of the educational program, its theoretical bases, and the approach used in building it, relying on a systematic survey of pedagogical writings together with a comparative and critical reading of scholarly views. It argues that an educational program forms a unified system combining objectives, subject matter, teaching tools, and assessment procedures, one that rests on a set of interlocking philosophical, epistemological, psychological, social, political, and technological bases. It further shows that building such a program moves through three core stages — identifying needs and setting objectives, designing content, activities, and teaching aids, and finally assessing and revising the program — provided that these various bases remain integrated with one another and that programs stay anchored in national identity, the requirements of the labor market, and the demands of contemporary technology.
Online Banking and the Happiness of Indian Customers
With the advent of technology-driven financial services, digital banking has revolutionized the Indian banking sector, making them more accessible, efficient, convenient, and speedy for users. Modern financial services in India cannot function without digital banking, thanks to the proliferation of smartphones, internet, and online payment systems as well as government programs that encourage digital transactions. Digital wallets, online cash transfer systems, ATMs, internet banking, mobile banking, UPI, and other services have revolutionized the way clients engage with banks. examines the idea of online banking and how it has affected happiness among Indian customers. How digital banking is making banking more accessible, faster, more inclusive, and more convenient for customers. Any time, any place, consumers can use digital banking services to do a variety of financial tasks, including sending and receiving money, paying bills, managing accounts, applying for loans, and making online purchases.
Do Enabling Determinants of Industrial Clusters Enhance Industrial Sector Performance in Algeria? Evidence from an ARDL–ECM Framework
This paper investigates the influence of driving factors of the growth of industrial clusters on the performance of industrial production in Algeria in the period of 1990–2023, based on the use of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and Error Correction Model (ECM). The study uses manufacturing value added (MANF) for measuring industrial performance indicators as well as explanatory variables that include the amount of expenditures related to research and development (RSDV), amount of foreign direct investments (FDI), amount of industrial credit (CRD_IND), trade openness (TRD_OP), as well as interaction variable (ZINT_POST2011) which reflects the changes in the institutional environment after 2011. The results indicate that there exists a stable long-term cointegration relationship between the above variables while research and development expenses and foreign investments positively influence industrial performance indicators. At the same time, the amount of industrial credit influences the industrial performance indicators negatively, which contradicts the assumption, while trade openness and interaction variable do not have sufficient statistical significance in the long-term context, despite the fact that these variables are statistically significant in the short-term. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of industrial clusters depends on the efficiency of the institutional and financial system rather than simply on the geographical concentration of industries.
Natural Language Processing in Virtual Assistants
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers and machines to understand, interpret, process, and respond to human language in a meaningful manner. In recent years, NLP has become a fundamental technology in the development of virtual assistants such as voice-based and text-based intelligent systems. Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, and ChatGPT use NLP techniques to communicate with users, answer queries, perform tasks, and provide personalized digital services. The integration of NLP in virtual assistants has significantly improved human-computer interaction by enabling machines to understand natural language, speech patterns, context, and user intentions. NLP techniques such as speech recognition, text analysis, sentiment analysis, machine translation, and language generation allow virtual assistants to process voice commands and textual inputs efficiently. These systems are widely used in smartphones, smart homes, customer service, healthcare, education, banking, and e-commerce applications.
The Duality of Belonging in the Algerian Novel Written in French: Yasmina Khadra's Novel "The Favor of the Night upon the Day" as a Case Study
In the contemporary era, the novel has successfully kept pace with all the transformations and changes affecting the cultural and intellectual arena, owing to the fluidity and flexibility it permits in simulating the lived reality of our societies, and due to its contributions to embodying the national character across its various dimensions, ideologies, and components. The Algerian novel written in French has faced considerable criticism and controversy concerning its content and underlying principles. Algerian writers of Arab origin who chose to write in French found themselves caught in a debate between affirming their Arab and Islamic affiliation and the Western ideas and culture with which they had become imbued. Their national allegiance, which compels them to defend their homeland and write about its tragedies and sorrows, was expressed through a language foreign to their society—the language of the coloniser. Among these writers is Yasmina Khadra, who excelled in his novel " The Favor of the Night upon the Day ", which encompasses a duality of belonging and identity discernible through the narrative phases of the work.
Strategies For Green Growth and Long-Term Economic Growth
As lawmakers around the world try to find a balance between economic growth, protecting the environment, and people's well-being, sustainable economic development has become one of their main goals. It refers to a way of developing that meets the needs of the present without making it harder for future generations to do the same. In this situation, green growth strategies have become an important way to achieve sustainable development by encouraging the smart use of resources, stopping damage to the environment, and encouraging new ideas. the part that "green growth" plans play in achieving long-term economic growth, with a focus on areas like green technologies, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and good resource management. International efforts led by groups like the United Nations stress how important it is to plan for the future of the economy while also taking into account the environment. One example is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Green growth strategies help the economy grow by making jobs more available, making sure there is enough energy, and lowering the damage that factories do to the environment. Switching to renewable energy sources and technologies that are better for the environment not only helps slow down climate change, but it also helps the economy stay strong in the long term.
Water in the Central Maghreb during the Medieval Period: A Study in Social History and the History of Mentalities
This research aims to study the status of water in the society of the Central Maghreb during the medieval period, through an approach that combines social history and the history of mentalities. It proceeds from considering water as a fundamental element of daily life and a cultural and religious symbol that contributed to shaping the collective perceptions of society. The research examines the aspects of water's presence in various facets of lived experience and the associated social and economic practices, before moving on to explore its symbolic dimensions, which manifested in several phenomena such as rainmaking rituals (istisqa'), folk beliefs, celebrations, proverbs, tales, and myths, as well as its presence in literary and poetic output. The research relies on a range of historical, geographical, literary, and jurisprudential (fiqh) sources. It aims to uncover society's interaction with water as a vital resource on one hand, and as a carrier of a system of meanings, values, and symbols on the other. It seeks to demonstrate that understanding the history of water is not limited to studying its material uses, but extends to elucidating its presence in the collective consciousness and the associated mental and cultural perceptions. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the social and cultural structure of the Central Maghreb society during the medieval period.
The Impact of the Digital Economy on Economic Development
Worldwide, the rise of the digital economy has been a game-changer in terms of economic growth and development. It describes the monetary pursuits made possible by digital tools including data analytics, the web, mobile phones, and artificial intelligence. Traditional business models have been greatly impacted, along with productivity and market efficiency, by the fast growth of digital infrastructure and platforms, which have been bolstered by giants like Amazon and Google. e-commerce, innovation, digital financial services, and digital infrastructure are some of the most important aspects of the digital economy that contribute to economic growth. In developing countries in particular, the widespread use of digital technologies has the triple benefit of lowering transaction costs, increasing financial inclusion, and facilitating speedier communication. Additionally, it helps SMEs gain access to international markets, which in turn boosts production and creates jobs. Digital inequality, cybersecurity threats, and regulatory worries are just a few of the problems that the digital economy brings. The disparity between rich and poor areas can grow wider as a result of unequal access to digital infrastructure, which in turn limits the inclusive benefits of digital transformation. Data privacy and the commercial domination of big digital companies are other pressing challenges that call for strong regulatory responses.
The Role of Fine Arts in Enriching the Aesthetic Experience of Architectural Design
This study addresses the enduring structural and philosophical dialogue between fine arts and architectural design, viewing it as an intellectual intersection where architecture transcends the boundaries of its purely utilitarian and structural functions to transform into a physical and visual medium charged with psychological and aesthetic significance. The research primarily seeks to resolve the crisis of "visual alienation and monotony" that plagues contemporary architecture as a result of globalized, rigid forms. It achieves this by presenting fine arts as a vital tributary capable of "humanizing" space and reshaping the recipient's emotional and physiological response to the built environment.
Inequality in Income and The Socioeconomic Repercussions of This Inequality
There is a growing concern that income disparity is a significant socioeconomic problem that is harming both established nations and developing economies. It is a term that describes the unequal distribution of income among individuals or groups within a society, which frequently leads to differences in wealth, opportunity, and living standards. the factors that lead to income inequality, as well as its effects on social cohesion, economic progress, and overall human development, with a particular emphasis on the latter in particular. The widening of income gaps is greatly influenced by a number of variables, including unequal access to education, technological advancement, globalization, and discrepancies in the labor market. A number of prominent assessments conducted by economists such as Thomas Piketty highlight the ways in which the accumulation of capital and the concentration of wealth exacerbate inequality over time. As economic disparity increases, it becomes more difficult for individuals with lower incomes to have access to basic services like healthcare, education, and housing, which in turn restricts their ability to move up in the social hierarchy. This is in addition to the socio-economic repercussions of inequality, which include an increase in poverty, social discontent, crime rates, and political instability. It is also possible for high levels of inequality to impede economic growth by lowering aggregate demand and restricting the development of human capital. On the other hand, a more equitable distribution of income is a factor that contributes to both sustainable growth and social stability.
Agricultural Development in Algeria between the Imperative of Sustainability and Environmental Risks: A Study of Constraints and Objectives
This study aims to analyze the state of agricultural development in Algeria in light of the increasing environmental risks and the growing need to adopt a sustainable development approach. The agricultural sector is no longer evaluated solely based on its ability to increase production, but also on its capacity to adapt to environmental challenges and ensure the sustainability of natural resources. The study addresses the main environmental constraints facing this sector, namely climate change, desertification, soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss, in addition to the impact of rural marginalization and weak local development on the stability of agricultural activity. It adopts a descriptive-analytical method by examining concepts related to sustainable agricultural development and analyzing the relationship between the environment and the agricultural sector. The study concludes that environmental risks represent a real obstacle to achieving sustainable agricultural development, as they affect not only agricultural production but also extend to the social and economic aspects of rural areas. This highlights the necessity of integrating the environmental dimension into agricultural policies, improving natural resource management, developing sustainable farming practices, and reducing rural marginalization while promoting local development
Role of Digital Evidence in Modern Criminal Justice System
Digital evidence has become an essential component of the modern criminal justice system due to the rapid advancement of information technology and the widespread use of digital devices in everyday life. Electronic data generated through computers, smartphones, social media platforms, surveillance systems, cloud storage, and internet communication networks plays a significant role in criminal investigations and legal proceedings. Digital evidence includes emails, text messages, call records, CCTV footage, GPS data, social media content, electronic documents, metadata, and online transaction records that can establish facts and support judicial decision-making. the role of digital evidence in the modern criminal justice system by analyzing its importance in crime detection, investigation, prosecution, and judicial processes. The paper explores the contribution of digital forensics, cybersecurity tools, and technological advancements in collecting, preserving, authenticating, and presenting electronic evidence in courts of law. the increasing use of digital evidence in cases involving cybercrime, financial fraud, terrorism, identity theft, organized crime, and other criminal activities.
Continuous French Crimes in Algeria: "Landmine Victims as a Model"
The intervention addresses one of the most important continuous French crimes committed against innocent Algerians during the colonial and revolutionary phases, the effects of which lasted well beyond independence. We will shed light on landmine victims in Algeria since the establishment of the Andre Morice line in the Algerian West in 1956 and the Challe-Morice lines in the Algerian East in 1957. These lines contained various types of mines that began killing and amputating members of the National Liberation Army (ALN) and continued post-independence (until 2016) to kill and amputate innocent civilians. This constitutes a crime that violates all international laws, especially given France's refusal to provide maps of these landmines until the members of the People's National Army (ANP) were able to clear these areas, remove the danger, and dry up its sources.
Freedom of Speech and Hate Speech Laws in Social Media
Freedom of speech and expression is one of the fundamental pillars of democracy and is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. In the digital age, social media platforms have significantly expanded opportunities for communication, public participation, political discussion, and exchange of ideas. Platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, YouTube, and WhatsApp allow individuals to express opinions instantly and reach global audiences. However, the rapid growth of social media has also increased the spread of hate speech, misinformation, online harassment, communal incitement, and offensive content, creating serious legal and social challenges. the relationship between freedom of speech and hate speech laws in the context of social media from a legal and constitutional perspective. It analyzes the constitutional protection of free speech, reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2), and the legal framework governing hate speech and online communication in India. The role of information technology laws, criminal laws, and judicial interpretation in regulating harmful online content while protecting democratic freedoms.
Socio-Legal Analysis of the Phenomenon of Child Labor
This research paper aims to provide both a sociological and legal analysis of the phenomenon of child labor, which is considered an old phenomenon in terms of its origins but a contemporary one in terms of the attention it receives. It is an issue that warrants concern and study because it concerns a significant social group in shaping the future of nations, namely children. This phenomenon has come to threaten children’s health, education, and social well-being, thereby posing a danger to both the present and future of societies. Child labor has become a concern for the international community due to its negative consequences for children and society in general, particularly various forms of exploitation. It has also prompted efforts to develop mechanisms aimed at mitigating its severity or eliminating it altogether, whether through the enactment of domestic laws regulating this form of labor or through the ratification of international conventions that oblige states to implement relevant provisions. Such efforts seek to transform child labor from an informal practice into a formally regulated one.
Right to Privacy under the Indian Constitution
The right to privacy has emerged as one of the most significant fundamental rights in modern constitutional law and democratic governance. In India, the concept of privacy has gained increasing importance due to rapid technological advancement, digital communication, surveillance systems, data collection practices, and expanding state and corporate access to personal information. Privacy is closely connected with individual dignity, liberty, autonomy, and personal freedom, making it an essential component of constitutional rights and human rights protection. the right to privacy under the Indian Constitution from a legal and constitutional perspective. It explores the evolution of privacy rights through judicial interpretation, constitutional provisions, and landmark judgments delivered by the Indian judiciary. The paper particularly analyzes the significance of the Supreme Court judgment in Justice K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), which recognized the right to privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. the relationship between privacy and other constitutional rights such as freedom of speech, personal liberty, equality, and human dignity. It also examines contemporary challenges related to digital surveillance, data protection, social media, artificial intelligence, biometric identification systems, and cybersecurity in the digital age. The study evaluates the role of constitutional safeguards, judicial activism, and data protection laws in balancing individual privacy rights with national security, public interest, and technological development.
Prevalent Multiple Intelligence Patterns among Sports Science Students
The present study aims to investigate the hierarchy of multiple intelligence patterns and their distribution among students of the Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities at the University of Batna 2. This was achieved through the use of the descriptive analytical method, which is appropriate for the nature of the study. The researchers relied on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Scale, with its nine dimensions, which was administered to a randomly selected sample consisting of 45 male and female students. After statistical processing, the results revealed that the personal or intrapersonal intelligence pattern was the most dominant among the individuals of the sample, followed by the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence pattern in the second rank, and then the social intelligence pattern.
Human Rights and Environmental Protection: A Legal Perspective
Human rights and environmental protection are closely interconnected concepts that have gained increasing importance in modern legal and social discourse. A clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is essential for the realization of fundamental human rights such as the right to life, health, food, water, shelter, and dignity. Environmental degradation, climate change, pollution, deforestation, industrialization, and resource exploitation have created serious threats to human well-being and ecological balance, affecting both present and future generations. the relationship between human rights and environmental protection from a legal perspective. how national constitutions, international treaties, environmental laws, and judicial decisions recognize and protect environmental rights as an integral part of human rights. The role of international organizations, governments, courts, and civil society in promoting sustainable development and environmental justice.
Parental Monitoring and Juvenile Deviant Behavior: A Field Study of Previously Convicted Youth in Tipaza, Algeria
This study examines the relationship between parental monitoring and juvenile deviant behavior among previously convicted youth in Tipaza, Algeria. A quantitative field study was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to a purposive sample of 46 respondents. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests, were employed to assess the association between the study variables. The findings reveal a positive association between low levels of parental monitoring and increased deviant behavior among youth. Specifically, weakened parental supervision appears to be linked to higher engagement in risky and socially non-conforming behaviors. However, the correlation coefficient (r=0.30) suggests a moderate association, indicating that parental monitoring accounts for only a limited portion of the variance in deviant behavior. This study underscores the importance of family-based social control mechanisms in preventing juvenile delinquency, while also acknowledging the contributing roles of peer influence and broader socio-environmental factors. The results are interpreted within the theoretical frameworks of social control theory and social learning theory.
Evaluation of Acupressure and Traditional Pain Treatment Methods
Physical function, mental health, and overall quality of life can all take a hit when dealing with chronic pain, which ranks high among the most frequent health issues impacting people globally. It is common practice to employ pharmaceutical treatments and physical rehabilitation strategies as part of conventional pain management. Acupressure and other complementary therapies have recently seen a surge in popularity as people seek alternatives to pharmaceuticals due to worries about drug side effects, addiction, and treatment costs. The practice of acupressure, which has its roots in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a non-invasive method for alleviating pain and promoting healing by means of the application of pressure to particular sites on the body. According to the results, acupressure and traditional pain treatment methods both work well for pain reduction. Pharmacological therapies and other conventional treatments for pain typically work quickly but come with the danger of reliance, drowsiness, gastrointestinal side effects, and other negative health consequences. There were few negative side effects associated with acupressure's proven ability to alleviate pain, induce calm, boost physical functioning, and improve general health. Acupuncture has shown promise as an adjunctive or alternative treatment for managing chronic pain and symptom control over the long term, even though traditional methods may be better suited to more severe or acute pain disorders.
A Reading into the Dimensions of Building the Media Role in the Digital Age
Introduction: The digital age has brought unprecedented transformations in communication technology, fundamentally altering the landscape of media and presenting new challenges to traditional media structures and functions. Objective: This paper examines the problematic of constructing the media role within the context of digital technology and the information revolution, exploring how digital communication has transformed media functions, characteristics, and societal impacts. Methods: The study employs a theoretical and analytical framework, reviewing existing literature on digital communication, media functions, and the challenges posed by technological advancements. It synthesises perspectives from communication theorists and analyses the multifaceted dimensions of media transformation in the digital era. Results: The findings reveal that digital communication has introduced significant changes across multiple dimensions of media: the emergence of interactive, non-linear communication patterns; the fragmentation of audiences into specialised segments; the predominance of speed and immediacy in news dissemination; the commodification of culture and media content; and the blurring boundaries between entertainment, information, and cultural production. The study identifies that while digital technologies have democratised access to information production and consumption, they have also generated new problematics concerning media credibility, source verification, and the erosion of traditional gatekeeping functions. Conclusion: The digital age represents a fundamental paradigm shift in media structures and functions. The transition from an industrial to a digital framework has transformed citizens from passive consumers into active participants, necessitating a comprehensive reconsideration of media roles, ethics, and regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that the characteristics of digital communication—its interactivity, speed, and accessibility—require renewed theoretical and practical approaches to understanding and navigating media in contemporary society.
Resilience and Psychological Well-Being During Career Transitions Education
Career transitions represent significant developmental milestones that often involve changes in educational pathways, employment status, professional roles, or career aspirations. While these transitions provide opportunities for personal and professional growth, they also expose individuals to uncertainty, stress, and psychological challenges that may influence their overall well-being. Among students and early-career professionals, resilience has emerged as a critical psychological resource that enables individuals to adapt effectively to changing circumstances, overcome setbacks, and maintain positive mental health during periods of transition. the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being during career transitions from an educational perspective, with particular emphasis on university students preparing to enter the workforce. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire to assess resilience, psychological well-being, career adaptability, and perceived transition-related stress among final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students. Standardized measurement scales may be employed to evaluate resilience, emotional well-being, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and career readiness. The collected data can be analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques to determine the extent to which resilience predicts psychological well-being during career transitions.
Definition (Ḥadd) and Definition (Taʿrīf) in Linguistic Thought: A Conceptual and Epistemological Approach
Ḥadd (essential definition) and taʿrīf (definition) are among the most fundamental epistemic tools employed by the sciences to construct concepts and standardize terminology. Perspectives on these notions have varied according to different intellectual traditions. Philosophers viewed them as means of revealing the essence of things and distinguishing them from one another, whereas scholars of uṣūl al-fiqh (Islamic legal theory) devoted particular attention to them because of their role in ensuring precision and eliminating ambiguity. Linguistics, in turn, has reappropriated these concepts within its own scientific framework, using them to establish a coherent terminological system and to define the relationships among linguistic concepts.
Sustainable Business Practices and Organizational Competitiveness
Sustainable business practices have become a strategic priority for organizations seeking long-term growth, resilience, and competitive advantage in an increasingly dynamic global business environment. Rising stakeholder expectations, environmental concerns, regulatory requirements, and the growing emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles have encouraged organizations to integrate sustainability into their core business strategies. Sustainable business practices encompass responsible resource utilization, environmental conservation, ethical governance, social responsibility, and sustainable innovation, all of which contribute to organizational efficiency, stakeholder trust, and long-term value creation. the relationship between sustainable business practices and organizational competitiveness by exploring how sustainability initiatives influence operational performance, innovation, market positioning, and financial outcomes. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire administered to managers and employees from organizations operating across manufacturing and service sectors. the extent of sustainability adoption in areas such as environmental management, energy efficiency, waste reduction, sustainable supply chain management, corporate social responsibility, ethical governance, and employee well-being. Organizational competitiveness may be evaluated through indicators including operational efficiency, innovation capability, customer satisfaction, market share, brand reputation, and financial performance.
The Tribes of the Central Maghreb: A Toponymic Study
Tribal organization constituted one of the defining features of society in the Central Maghreb. As centralized authority collapsed toward the end of the Byzantine period, tribes increasingly emerged as the principal framework for social organization and collective protection. Under these circumstances, the tribe became a dominant institution that structured Maghrebi society. Its prominence grew even further during the medieval period, when it evolved into a fundamental component of the region's economic, social, political, and cultural fabric. Although tribal structures assumed diverse forms over time, their functions and influence varied according to changing historical contexts. This paper investigates the imprint of tribal groups on the toponymic system of the Central Maghreb by identifying place names derived from tribal designations and examining what these toponyms reveal about tribal distribution, mobility, and patterns of settlement across the region. Through a toponymic approach, the study seeks to reconstruct aspects of the historical geography of tribes and to assess their spatial presence within the Central Maghreb.
The Influence of Online Learning Platforms on Self-Regulated Learning
The rapid expansion of online learning platforms has transformed higher education by providing flexible, accessible, and technology-enhanced learning opportunities for students across diverse educational contexts. Learning management systems, massive open online courses (MOOCs), virtual classrooms, and artificial intelligence-powered educational platforms have shifted the focus from teacher-centered instruction to learner-centered education, requiring students to assume greater responsibility for managing their own learning. In this context, self-regulated learning has emerged as a critical competency that enables students to plan, monitor, evaluate, and adapt their learning strategies to achieve academic success. This study examines the influence of online learning platforms on self-regulated learning by exploring how digital learning environments affect students' motivation, time management, self-monitoring, and academic performance. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate and postgraduate students who regularly use online learning platforms. students' patterns of platform usage, self-regulated learning behaviors, digital literacy, academic engagement, and perceived learning effectiveness. Data can be analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques to determine the relationship between online learning platform utilization and self-regulated learning.
Childhood Identity Between the Cumulative Influence of the Western Image and the Specificity of Arab Reception Miraculous Series as a Case Study
Today, Arab children are experiencing rapid changes as a result of media and digital openness. Their educational environment is no longer confined to family and school, but is increasingly influenced by a wide range of images and symbols from multiple cultures. In the absence of recreational activities that draw on the child’s intellectual and physical capacities — owing to parents’ preoccupations or a lack of outdoor spaces dedicated to channelling the child’s energies — the child spends most of their time moving between digital devices and exploring virtual worlds without ever truly leaving home. This study is based on the hypothesis that cumulative exposure to cartoons in the absence of serious family support capable of developing children’s analytical and critical viewing skills may accelerate the adoption of foreign cultures that conflict with our religious beliefs and social customs. Problem Statement The central issue of this research is guided by the following fundamental question: How is the identity of the Arab child constructed in light of the increasing number of hours spent watching cartoons, alongside a decline in religious commitment and family guidance? Sub-questions: How does the child’s unconscious work during the act of watching? How can the family provide a child with a proper religious, intellectual and cultural upbringing in the face of the dominance of visual media? Is it possible today to speak of audio-visual media that can support a sound Islamic education? Hypothesis The study assumes that every external input inconsistent with the child’s future values constitutes a threat to their identity, gradually erasing those values in the absence of mature awareness. Nevertheless, such inputs may permit the child to analyse and critique the information and filter it, thereby fostering their awareness and encouraging innovation rather than assimilation and dissolution into another culture. Methodology The study relies on a semiotic approach, analysing selected narrative sequences from the animated series Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir to uncover implicit messages and latent structures that gradually influence the child recipient’s constants and beliefs.
Teacher Readiness for Technology-Enhanced Learning in the Era of AI
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies has transformed teaching and learning practices across higher education and school education, creating new opportunities for personalized instruction, adaptive learning, and enhanced student engagement. As educational institutions increasingly adopt technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environments, teachers' readiness to integrate AI-powered tools and digital technologies into pedagogical practices has become a critical determinant of successful educational transformation. Teacher readiness extends beyond technical competence and includes pedagogical knowledge, digital literacy, positive attitudes toward technology, self-efficacy, and the ability to use AI ethically and effectively to improve student learning outcomes. This study examines teacher readiness for technology-enhanced learning in the era of artificial intelligence by exploring the factors that influence educators' preparedness to adopt AI-supported teaching practices. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire administered to school and higher education teachers. The study may assess teachers' technological competence, AI literacy, pedagogical readiness, digital self-efficacy, attitudes toward educational technology, institutional support, and perceived challenges in adopting AI-enabled teaching. Data can be analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques to determine the extent to which these factors predict teacher readiness for technology-enhanced learning.
The Biotic Contributions in Contemporary Algerian Thought: (Hamdan bin Othman Khouja as a Case Study)
The presence of biotic (bioethical) action does not appear to be a modern or contemporary phenomenon. Rather, this practice was widespread long before, even though its theoretical framing is relatively recent. In this article, we focus on one of the most prominent Algerian thinkers who addressed quarantine, also known as quarantine, as one of the biotic practices aimed at social safety. Hamdan Khouja sought to criticise ‘pre-modern’ or ‘ignorant’ practices by returning to Islamic heritage and drawing lessons from the health revolution in Western society, which has made significant progress in health and health prevention. Hamdan Khouja’s ultimate goal is to promote health-related practices within Algerian society.
Digital Literacy and Academic Performance Among College Students
Digital literacy has become an essential competency in higher education, enabling students to effectively access, evaluate, create, and communicate information through digital technologies. As colleges increasingly integrate online learning platforms, digital resources, virtual collaboration tools, and artificial intelligence applications into teaching and learning, students' digital literacy plays a crucial role in determining their academic success. Beyond technical proficiency, digital literacy encompasses critical thinking, information evaluation, ethical technology use, online communication, and problem-solving skills that support effective learning in technology-rich educational environments. the relationship between digital literacy and academic performance among college students by exploring how digital competencies influence learning outcomes, academic engagement, and educational achievement. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate and postgraduate students from various academic disciplines. The study may assess students' levels of digital literacy, including information literacy, communication skills, digital content creation, online collaboration, and cybersecurity awareness, alongside measures of academic performance such as grade point average, classroom engagement, and self-reported learning outcomes.