European Journal of Philosophical Research
The European Journal of Philosophical Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal dedicated to the dissemination of original, high-quality research. Indexed in ERIH PLUS, the journal follows internationally recognized academic and ethical publishing standards. While rooted in philosophical inquiry, the journal is presently evolving into a multidisciplinary platform, encouraging scholarly contributions that engage with philosophy as well as allied and emerging disciplines across the humanities, social sciences, and interdisciplinary domains. All submissions undergo independent peer review, and the journal operates on a full open-access model without charging any Article Processing Charges (APC). Through its commitment to academic rigor, ethical publishing, and open dissemination of knowledge, the European Journal of Philosophical Research aims to foster international scholarly dialogue and support the advancement of research across disciplines. Key Information Journal Title: European Journal of Philosophical Research Print ISSN: 2408-9435 (Russian-language print edition) Online ISSN: 2413-7286 (English-language online edition) Publisher & Founder: Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., Slovakia Indexing: ERIH PLUS Access Model: Open Access (no subscription, no APC) License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Copyright: Authors retain copyright; non-commercial reuse permitted with attribution Scope of the Journal Philosophy and philosophical traditions Ethics, logic, epistemology, metaphysics Social sciences and humanities Law, Ethics, and Governance Education and Psychology Economics, Management, and Society Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research
Mind, Brain, and Consciousness: Philosophical Implications of Neuroscience
Advances in neuroscience have profoundly influenced philosophical debates about the nature of mind and consciousness. The discovery of neural correlates of cognition, emotion, and perception has prompted questions regarding free will, personal identity, and the relationship between physical processes and subjective experience. This paper examines the philosophical implications of contemporary neuroscience, exploring the interplay between empirical findings and enduring metaphysical and epistemological questions. Drawing on classical philosophy of mind, contemporary analytic perspectives, and interdisciplinary research, the study evaluates materialist, dualist, and functionalist interpretations of consciousness, considers challenges posed by emergent and panpsychist theories, and reflects on ethical and societal consequences. The analysis reveals that while neuroscience provides unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of cognition, philosophical inquiry remains indispensable for understanding the qualitative, normative, and subjective dimensions of consciousness.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality of Work Life and its relationship with occupational empowerment among workers at SOREMEP Company in Tlemcen, Algeria.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between Quality of Work Life (QWL) and occupational empowerment among workers at SOREMEP Company in Tlemcen, Algeria. Despite growing interest in QWL, few studies have examined its relationship with occupational empowerment in Algerian industrial organizations. This study also examines differences in QWL according to gender, marital status, job status, age groups, and tenure. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional field approach and included a sample of 136 workers. Data were collected using the QWL questionnaire developed by Al-Maghribi (2004) and adapted by Ben Khaled (2017), and the occupational empowerment questionnaire developed by Sakhi (2016) and adapted by Ben Amer (2023). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation between QWL and occupational empowerment. Findings indicated statistically significant differences in QWL according to gender, marital status, age groups, and tenure, while no significant differences were found according to job status. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening empowerment practices to enhance employees’ quality of work life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mhamed BENGHARBI, Hicham BENAHMED, Zaid DOUZI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A sociocultural Analysis of Animal Connotations in English and Algerian Arabic proverbs
Proverbs serve as cultural legacies, reflecting societal values, lifestyles, and beliefs across generations. This study aims to investigate the different animals’ connotations in Arabic and English proverbs, and find out any similarities and differences in the meanings of dogs, cats, and wolves in these two cultures. Using Ben Salamh and Maalej's model, 42 Arabic and 45 English proverbs were analyzed. The research findings revealed some similarities and differences in the connotations of animals. It was founded that in the western culture, dogs are conceived positively, unlike cats and wolves. Conversely, in the Arabic culture, all these three animals are visualized negatively although they may have one or two positive treats. Therefore, it is recommended that foreign language teachers and learners should be aware of these similarities and differences to avoid any communicative breakdown or cultural misunderstanding.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kaouther Nesba, Mouna Djeghoubbi, Ahmed Chaouki Douidi, Dr. Kaouther Nesba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethical Relativism and Moral Dialogue in a Globalized World
In an era of globalization, societies are increasingly interconnected, bringing diverse ethical frameworks into contact. Ethical relativism—the idea that moral standards are culturally or socially contingent—challenges universalist approaches to morality and raises questions about cross-cultural dialogue, human rights, and global cooperation. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of ethical relativism, analyzes its strengths and limitations, and explores the challenges it poses to moral dialogue in a globalized world. Drawing on metaethics, cross-cultural philosophy, and contemporary global ethics, the study argues that while ethical relativism promotes cultural sensitivity and pluralism, uncritical relativism may hinder constructive moral discourse. The paper further evaluates strategies for fostering dialogue, including reflective equilibrium, intercultural ethics, and cosmopolitan moral frameworks, demonstrating that ethical pluralism and global moral engagement can coexist when guided by reasoned deliberation and mutual respect.
Technology and the Transformation of Human Identity
Technological advancement has profoundly reshaped human experience, affecting not only social structures and economies but also the very nature of identity. From digital communication and artificial intelligence to biotechnology and virtual reality, technology has altered the ways individuals perceive themselves, interact with others, and define what it means to be human. This paper explores the philosophical, psychological, and sociological dimensions of technological transformation, examining how technology influences self-conception, social identity, and moral responsibility. Drawing upon classical philosophical perspectives, contemporary media theory, and empirical research, the study investigates the interplay between technology and human identity, highlighting both opportunities for empowerment and potential risks, including alienation, loss of authenticity, and ethical dilemmas. Ultimately, the paper argues that understanding identity in the technological era requires interdisciplinary analysis and critical engagement with both humanist and posthumanist frameworks.
Free Will and Moral Responsibility: A Contemporary Metaphysical Debate
The concepts of free will and moral responsibility lie at the heart of human self-understanding and ethical practice. The metaphysical debate surrounding free will concerns whether humans can act autonomously in a world governed by deterministic laws or probabilistic processes. This paper explores contemporary discussions in metaphysics, examining compatibilist, libertarian, and hard determinist perspectives. It addresses how modern developments in neuroscience, psychology, and physics challenge classical assumptions about agency, autonomy, and moral accountability. Drawing upon philosophical literature, empirical findings, and thought experiments, this study critically evaluates the coherence of free will and its implications for moral responsibility. The paper argues that while metaphysical determinism challenges intuitive notions of freedom, compatibilist frameworks offer a viable reconciliation between determinism and moral accountability, though ethical reflection must remain sensitive to emerging scientific insights.
Gender, Power, and Social Reality: A Feminist Philosophical Approach
This paper examines how gender and power intersect in the construction of social reality from a feminist philosophical perspective. Feminist theory challenges traditional accounts of objectivity, identity, and authority by showing that social structures, cultural norms, and institutional practices are deeply gendered and often reproduce power imbalances. By integrating insights from feminist epistemology, social ontology, and critical social theory, the paper explores how gender relations shape individuals’ experiences, identity formation, and access to resources and recognition. It argues that gender cannot be understood merely as an individual attribute but as a relational and systemic dimension of social life that interacts with power, race, class, and other axes of inequality. The paper also considers the implications of these insights for political theory, social justice, and transformative praxis. Through analysis of foundational and contemporary feminist thinkers—such as Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, bell hooks, and Nancy Fraser—it articulates a feminist framework for understanding the intertwined nature of gender, power, and social reality.
The Algerian Revolution and Liberation Movements in Africa The People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) as a Model (1956-1974)
This study seeks to shed light on the influence of the Algerian Revolution on the thought and practice of the liberation movement in Angola. It also highlights the various forms of support provided by post-independence Algeria to the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, which spearheaded the fight against Portuguese colonialism for nearly twenty years.
Towards a sustainable city in Algeria: the legal framework and the challenges
Protecting the environment and achieving a decent standard of living have become urgent necessities for ensuring the quality of life of both individuals and society, given the rise in various environmental and human threats, these concepts are interrelated, and have been accompanied by the establishment of new and sustainable cities. The topic has received focused attention from researchers, decision-makers, and policy-makers as an alternative and comprehensive solution that reinforces efforts to achieve sustainable development in the context of increasing challenges. This study aims to shed light on this, by opening a discussion on the extent to which it can be adopted as a new approach to promoting sustainable development, as well as highlighting the challenges facing the Algerian experience in this context.
A Study of Fishermen’s Livelihoods and Fish Processing Practices in Rajnandgaon: Traditional Approaches and Economic Outcomes
There are 1.64 Lakh hectare average water area is available of fish culture in Chhattisgarh which require effective management for the welfare of poor fishermen. This study conducted a survey of socioeconomic condition of the fishermen’s who fully or partly depend on fishing activities in two selected reservoirs namely, Saroda and Chhirapani reservoirs in Kabirdham district, Chhattisgarh. The study evaluates the state of small-scale fishers, fishing operations, and cooperatives in terms of socio-economic indicators and success performance during 2016-17 fishing season in these reservoirs. During the survey, 83 fishers, all of whom cooperative members, were interviewed in six different fishing villages. It was found that most of the fishermen were at the age group 31-40 years(38.6%), larger family size (4-6). About 46.6% fishermen on both the sites were illiterate with no person above secondary level and 17% were educated above secondary level. Housing condition of fishermen is mostly Katcha (67%) semi-pucca (22%) and pucca (11%). The average annual household income of the land owner (LO) fishermen ranges from Rs 1796-566888 whereas average annual household income of the land less LL fishermen ranges from Rs 8407-36990 which is much below the poverty line. Agriculture is the main occupation and aqua ulture are the main secondary occupations for the LO farmers. LL fishermen are mainly fulltime fishermen with agriculture and aquaculture labor being the main secondary occupations. Fish culture can improve their socioeconomic condition.
Collider Events on a Quantum Computer Scattering Simulations
The study of quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavily on high-energy particle collisions, which shed light on how basic forces and particles act in very harsh environments. These collisions propel particles to energies beyond the detection limits of lower energy scales, allowing them to explore the most fundamental properties of matter. the impact of high-energy particle collisions on QFT, particularly in showing how these collisions test, improve, and expand QFT's predictions. To be more precise, we study how high-energy collisions challenge the predictions of the Standard Model, in particular for topics like particle generation, symmetry breaking and unification of forces. scientific discoveries, such as those made at particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which have confirmed theories like QCD in high-energy settings and offered proof of the Higgs boson, among other ideas. In addition, how high-energy collisions contribute to the investigation of QFT's boundaries, especially as they pertain to quantum gravity and the hunt for extra-standard model physics. We highlight the continued symbiotic relationship between high-energy particle collisions and quantum field theory by looking at both theoretical models and experimental data, and we speculate that future collisions may reveal more about the universe's basic mechanisms.
Rethinking University Governance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Accountability, and Human-Centered Decision-Making
The integration of artificial intelligence technologies in the governance of higher education appears to occur with record speed, altering the governance structures, the accountabilities, as well as the normative frameworks of universities. On the one hand, artificial intelligence technologies, through their integration in university governance, may serve as effective management tools that could enhance efficiency in the administration of the university. On the contrary, artificial intelligence technologies are also seen as challenging the prevailing governance structures, which were established with a focus on serving human actors. This article specifically critically rethinks university governance in the era of artificial intelligence. In essence, this particular piece of work examines, through the application of structural literature survey, the following particular dimensions of university governance in the era of artificial intelligence: the limitations of the prevailing structures in managing artificial intelligence-based decision-making processes in the university, as well as the role of ethical considerations in maintaining institutional legitimacy during the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in university governance. The study contributes to this ongoing debate by specifying the conditions of governance through which artificial intelligence has a salutary effect on academic values, democratic accountability, and trust, as opposed to a detrimental effect, and thereby lays a basis for further research.
Exploring the Role of Electrochemical Reactions in Energy Storage and Conversion
A lot of innovative energy storage and conversion technologies rely on electrochemical reactions, which are also important for creating renewable energy systems that are efficient, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly. the importance of electrochemical reactions in energy storage, particularly in devices like fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, and in energy conversion processes like electrolysis. Improving energy storage capacity, efficiency, and longevity is the focus of this examination of the basic concepts of electrochemical reactions, which include electron transfer, ion mobility, and redox processes. the most recent developments in electrochemical technology, showcasing breakthroughs in electrochemical capacitors and high-performance supercapacitors, and advancements in battery chemistry, including flow, solid-state, and lithium-ion batteries. In addition, methods for converting electrochemical energy are covered, with an emphasis on how they might facilitate a shift towards renewable, clean power sources. These methods include water electrolysis for hydrogen synthesis and fuel cells for power generation. Efficient, scalable, long-lasting, and cost-effective solutions are also provided. In the end, the paper proves that electrochemical processes are crucial for developing sustainable energy solutions on a global scale and for creating scalable energy systems with high performance.
The Reality of Diagnosing Learning Difficulties in the Algerian Primary School
This study aimed to investigate how primary school teachers in Algeria diagnose learning difficulties and examine the gap between classroom practices and opportunities for improvement. To address this research problem, the researchers adopted a descriptive approach to identify the phenomenon under study, monitor its manifestations, and predict its development among pupils with learning difficulties, drawing on both field research and documentary analysis. The findings of the study can be summarised as follows: the issue of learning difficulties does not receive sufficient attention within teacher training programs; the diagnosis of learning difficulties in Algerian primary schools relies largely on teachers' personal experience and is not guided by rigorous scientific standards; and teachers demonstrate limited familiarity with diagnostic tests and measurement tools for learning difficulties, which restricts their practical application with this group of pupils under appropriate conditions.
The Qur’an as an Open Text: The Plural Dimension of Meaning
This study addresses the theme of "the Qur'an as an open text" from a contemporary hermeneutical perspective. It seeks to analyse the plural dimension of meaning within the Qur'anic text through an engagement with linguistic, philosophical, and hermeneutical approaches. The research proceeds from the Western concept of the open text as developed by Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco, examining the possibility of applying this framework to the Qur'anic text without compromising its sacredness. The study further surveys the history of interpretation within the Islamic intellectual tradition, from the Muʿtazilites and philosophers to the Sufis and proponents of the maqāṣid approach, before advancing to a contemporary reading that engages with the challenges of modernity and questions of renewal. The paper concludes that, despite its textual fixity, the Qur’an remains open to a plurality of significations and that a renewed understanding of the text does not negate its sanctity but rather activates its enduring capacity to address humanity.
Optimizing Nutritional Content in Processed Foods: Challenges and Innovations
Within the scope of this study, we examine several methods that may be used to enhance the nutritional value of processed foods without affecting their quality or safety. There are several other approaches that are being investigated, including as fortification, enzyme treatments, and the utilisation of functional components. In addition, the study underscores the difficulties associated with striking a balance between the demands for convenience, flavour, and nutritional content, especially in the context of consumer preferences and shifts in dietary habits. Discussion is held about the most important developments in food formulations and processing technologies that make it possible for nutrients to be preserved in processed foods.
Voice At The Test Of Schooling: Recitation, Rhythm, And Subjectivation
This article examines school recitation as a philosophical problem at the intersection of poetics, philosophy of language, and subjectivity. Drawing on Émile Benveniste’s theory of enunciation and Henri Meschonnic’s poetics of rhythm, it argues that traditional practices of recitation tend to reduce poetry to a formal utterance, thereby obscuring its enunciative and rhythmic dimensions. Through the analysis of classroom situations observed in Algerian primary education, the study shows how recitation often suppresses voice and prevents poetic experience as a process of subjectivation. The article proposes a reconceptualization of memorization as an enunciative practice, in which poetry becomes a lived experience rather than a reproduced text. By placing voice at the center of poetic practice, it defends an understanding of poetry as an event of language inseparable from rhythm and from the emergence of the speaking subject.
Ecological Dynamics in a Changing World: Investigating Adaptation and Resilience in Ecosystems
"Ecological Dynamics in a Changing World: Investigating Adaptation and Resilience in Ecosystems" delves into the intricate interplay between ecological dynamics and environmental change, exploring how ecosystems adapt and evolve in response to shifting environmental conditions. This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying adaptation and resilience in ecosystems, shedding light on the complex interactions between organisms, communities, and their environment. Ecosystems are dynamic and complex systems, characterized by the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment. In the face of environmental change, ecosystems exhibit remarkable resilience, demonstrating their capacity to absorb disturbances and maintain stability. However, the magnitude and pace of environmental change are accelerating, posing unprecedented challenges to ecosystems worldwide. Understanding how ecosystems adapt and evolve in response to environmental change is crucial for predicting their future trajectories and informing conservation and management efforts. This paper explores the mechanisms of adaptation, including genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and ecological interactions, that enable organisms to survive and thrive in changing environments. Additionally, it examines the concept of ecological resilience, which refers to the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from disturbances while maintaining their essential functions and services. Recent advancements in ecological research, coupled with innovative modeling techniques and long-term monitoring efforts, have provided valuable insights into the dynamics of ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. From terrestrial forests to marine ecosystems, scientists are unraveling the intricate web of interactions that shape ecosystem resilience and adaptation. By integrating empirical data with theoretical frameworks, researchers can develop predictive models to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems to environmental stressors and identify strategies for enhancing their resilience.
Political Symbolism in Tareq Hammadi’s Play Al-Mirya’: A Semiotic Reading of Characters and Events
This study aims to analyze the political symbolism in Tareq Hammadi’s play Al-Mirya’ through a semiotic approach focusing on the characters (the Mirya’, the Generals, and the flock) and the key events (isolation, castration, and the wearing of the bell). The study deconstructs these elements as cultural signs that reveal the mechanisms of authoritarian hegemony in manufacturing an artificial leader used to domesticate the masses. The analysis adopts a semiotic methodology (Umberto Eco / Roland Barthes) supported by the study of dialogues and dramatic conflict to link the text to the Algerian collective memory. It reveals a scathing critique of contemporary authoritarian regimes and the contradictions of pseudo-leadership and culturally normalized oppression.
The Interconnection of Historical Text and the Illusion of Fictional Discourse: Raml al-Maya by Waciny Laredj as a Case Study
This article investigates how historical and fictional discourses intersect and mutually reshape one another in Waciny Laredj’s novel Raml al-Maya: The Tragedy of the One Thousand and Seventh Night. It argues that the novel constructs a complex "textual interconnection" between history and fiction through its paratexts, its dense intertextual relations with One Thousand and One Nights, and its sustained reworking of classical and historical sources. The study adopts a narratological and semiotic approach to Gérard Genette’s notion of the paratext, combined with close reading of key narrative episodes that fictionalize well-known historical figures such as Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, al-Hallaj, and Ibn Rushd. It shows how the novel blurs the boundary between historical fact and narrative invention, and how it employs what is here termed a "textual paradox"—a double positioning between an antecedent text and a later re writing—to question both official historiography and inherited literary forms. By foregrounding the roles of the warraqūn (court chroniclers) and by reframing the narrative contract of One Thousand and One Nights through the voice of Dunyazad and the figure of al Bashir the Morisco, Raml al-Maya turns history into a contested narrative field. The article concludes that reading these novel amounts to rereading Arab–Islamic history itself, and that this rereading lay bare the continuities between past catastrophes and present forms of political oppression.
Algerian Efforts in Editing Literary Manuscripts: Al‑Akhdari and Ben Badis as a Case Study
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God. This study seeks to shed light on the efforts of Algerian scholars in the critical editing of literary heritage. Manuscripts in Algeria have appeared in diverse forms and genres, and literature has had an appreciable share of this manuscript legacy. As literature represents one of the core markers of Islamic civilizational identity, Algerian scholars distinguished themselves early on in writing in Arabic. Among the foremost early figures with a substantial contribution to literary writing is the eminent scholar Al‑Akhdari, may God have mercy on him, who left behind a rich legacy in literature, especially in rhetoric. Among the modern scholars stands the great Imam Abdelhamid Ben Badis, may God have mercy on him, whose name immediately comes to mind whenever serious, elevated literature is mentioned. He is regarded as the pioneer of the literary renaissance in Algeria. Ben Badis stated on several occasions that one of the aims of founding the Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars was to restore the Arabic language to its rightful status, as it is the foundation of religion and a source of peoples’ happiness. He contributed to authorship and classification in Quranic exegesis and showed great concern for the lexical dimension in his interpretive work. The writings of both scholars initially appeared as manuscripts, which scholars later undertook to edit and publish in renewed and accessible form. This paper will outline those efforts in the editing of their works, following a foundational approach to the science of manuscript editing. The main topics are organized as follows: • Defining manuscripts and clarifying their importance • Presenting the roles of Al‑Akhdari and Ben Badis in literary studies • Reviewing the efforts of Algerian scholars in editing literary heritage
An Analysis of Accounting and the Scope It Covers
The practise of accounting is an essential component of the world of business. It entails the measurement and processing of financial information about a business, as well as the distribution of such information to different stakeholders. Financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, and taxes are all components that fall under the umbrella of accounting. The process of documenting, summarising, and reporting financial information to external stakeholders like as investors, creditors, and regulatory agencies is referred to as financial accounting. It comprises the creation of financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, among other things. Accounting for management, on the other hand, refers to the process of disseminating financial information to internal stakeholders, such as managers and executives, for the purpose of facilitating decision-making inside an organisation. This includes activities such as cost accounting, performance analysis, and budgeting. Auditing is a procedure that includes the inspection of financial statements and other financial information to verify that they are correct and conform with applicable rules and regulations. Auditing is a process that involves the examination of financial statements and other financial information. The process of determining the amount of tax that has to be paid by an entity and then actually making those payments is an essential part of accounting. Accounting is comprised of a diverse array of tasks, each of which is essential to the successful administration of a company, and accounting plays a crucial part in both. Its purview encompasses financial accounting, management accounting, auditing, and taxes, and it caters to a wide range of stakeholders, both internal and external to the organisation.
The Level of Quality of Life of Women Victims of Violence in Algerian Society
Violence against women constitutes a serious violation that leaves deep psychological, physical, and social effects, directly impacting their quality of life and creating long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess the level of quality of life among women victims of violence in Algerian society and to identify the areas most deteriorated due to exposure to violence. To achieve the study’s objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The study included a purposive sample of 32 women victims of violence, and the quality of life scale was used to measure three main areas: mental and physical health, social relationships, and environmental satisfaction. The results showed that the victims suffer from a significant decrease in their quality of life, reflecting the deep and multidimensional impact of violence on their daily lives.
The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Accounting Quality: A Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on accounting quality across various jurisdictions. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, we synthesize findings to assess the overall effect of IFRS adoption on accounting quality metrics such as earnings management, financial statement comparability, and transparency. Our analysis incorporates data from multiple countries and industries to provide a holistic view of the relationship between IFRS adoption and accounting quality. The results indicate a mixed but generally positive impact of IFRS adoption on accounting quality, with evidence suggesting improvements in certain aspects such as earnings transparency and comparability, while also highlighting challenges such as increased complexity and subjectivity in financial reporting. Furthermore, our meta-analysis explores potential moderators and mediating factors that influence the relationship between IFRS adoption and accounting quality, including institutional differences, regulatory enforcement, and firm-specific characteristics. Overall, this meta-analysis contributes to our understanding of the consequences of IFRS adoption for accounting quality and provides insights for policymakers, standard setters, and practitioners in evaluating the effectiveness of international accounting standards in promoting high-quality financial reporting.
The Algerian Sahara in French Policy - Vital Resources as an Example
Water is an essential element of life. It is the main reason that drives humans to gather and establish civilizations throughout history, contributing to their prosperity and development. In the desert, water is the main source of life and the primary factor determining the nature, form, and economic, social, and cultural characteristics of human settlements. In this article, we attempt to highlight its importance and locations, especially in the southern region, namely the Sahara, in addition to the various ways of utilizing and benefiting from it in living and agriculture during the French colonial period. This research relies heavily on the writings of foreign authors and experts in this field, who traveled through the Sahara and recorded important details about its nature and human life, such as the French expert Ville, who produced a detailed report on the Sahara and its most important water sources, which was one of the reports relied upon by the French administration to complete its settlement project in the region.
The Reality and Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence Applications in Supporting Students with Learning Difficulties: From the Perspective of Teachers at Private Centers
This study aimed to investigate the reality and challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) applications in supporting students with learning difficulties, from the perspective of teachers at private centers in the city of Saida. The sample consisted of 70 teachers from specialized centers. The study employed a descriptive method, using a questionnaire as the tool for data collection. The study yielded the following results: • The level of awareness among teachers at specialized centers regarding the importance of using AI technologies to support students with learning difficulties was high. • No significant differences were found between male and female teachers in their perceptions of the importance of using AI applications for supporting students with learning difficulties. However, the study indicated statistically significant differences attributed to professional experience, favoring teachers with more than six years of experience. • There are also obstacles that limit the use of AI applications by teachers.
Reimagining Art Curation: The Role of Technology in Shaping Contemporary Art Exhibitions
As a result of the proliferation of digital technology, the landscape of contemporary art curation has undergone a dramatic transformation, presenting novel approaches to the engagement of audiences and the presentation of art. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact that technology has had on the development of art exhibitions, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which technology, digital tools, and interactive technologies are reinventing established curatorial methods. The research illustrates how technology is expanding the frontiers of how art is experienced and understood by analysing case studies of contemporary art exhibitions that include virtual reality, augmented reality, interactive installations, and digital projection. These exhibitions are examples of how technology is expanding the bounds of art. the ways in which curators are utilising new technologies to create spaces that are immersive, multi-sensory, and stimulate deeper spectator engagement in order to democratise access to art. In addition, the research investigates the difficulties and possibilities that are brought about by the incorporation of technology, considering the influence that it has on curatorial ethics, accessibility, and the preservation of art. According to the findings, technology is not only improving the experience of visiting an exhibition, but it is also altering the function of the curator, putting them in a position where they are facilitators of interaction between art, technology, and the general audience. When it comes down to it, the combination of art and technology is a driving force in the future of art curation. It offers new opportunities for innovation, inclusion, and audience participation.
Artificial Intelligence as a Pedagogical Innovation in Higher Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, offering unprecedented opportunities for enhancing teaching and learning processes. This study investigates the role of AI as a pedagogical innovation in the context of higher education, specifically focusing on its applications in language didactics. By conducting an experimental study with two groups at the University of Mohamed-Cherif Messadia, Souk-Ahras—one group using AI tools and the other following traditional methods—this research aims to analyze the conceptual foundations, practical applications, and pedagogical transformations induced by AI. The study also explores the effects of AI on students’ competencies, the evolving role of teachers, and the limitations and challenges of integrating AI into university pedagogy. Results indicate that AI not only enhances personalized learning, assessment, and engagement but also serves as a catalyst for innovative teaching strategies. This work provides a theoretical and practical framework for leveraging AI in higher education and contributes to a better understanding of its transformative potential in foreign language teaching.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Models for Transparent Decision-Making in High-Risk Domains
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are increasingly deployed in high-risk domains such as healthcare, finance, criminal justice, and autonomous systems. While these models often demonstrate superior predictive performance, their opaque nature raises serious concerns regarding accountability, trust, fairness, and ethical compliance. This paper examines the role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in enhancing transparency and interpretability of AI-driven decisions in high-risk environments. It reviews key explainability techniques, compares model-agnostic and model-specific approaches, and analyzes their applicability across critical domains. The study highlights regulatory and ethical implications and identifies challenges related to accuracy–interpretability trade-offs. The paper argues that explainability is not merely a technical enhancement but a foundational requirement for responsible AI deployment in high-stakes decision-making contexts.
Integrated Management of Archaeological Heritage to Achieve the Dual Goals of Tourism Development and Local Identity Preservation
This study examines the integrated management of archaeological heritage as a strategic approach to harmonize tourism development with the preservation of local identity. Archaeological sites are valuable cultural assets that reflect historical, social, and cultural dimensions of a community. Unplanned tourism can threaten the authenticity and integrity of these sites. This research highlights the principles and practices of integrated heritage management, emphasizing conservation, documentation, scientific research, community involvement, and education to achieve sustainable tourism that respects cultural heritage. The findings indicate that effective heritage management enhances tourism, strengthens communal identity, and ensures the intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge, balancing economic and cultural objectives.
Homeopathy in Geriatric Medicine: Its Role in Enhancing Quality of Life for Elderly Patients
Due to its holistic approach and few side effects, homeopathy is becoming more and more acknowledged as a supplemental or alternative therapy in geriatric medicine. This makes it a good fit for elderly patients who frequently deal with numerous chronic health issues. the possible advantages of homoeopathy in the management of age-related health conditions including cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, cognitive decline, and arthritis in improving the quality of life for the aged. research on the efficacy of homeopathic treatments in enhancing the psychological, emotional, and physiological health of the elderly, including RCTs, observational studies, and case reports. Research has shown that certain homeopathic remedies, like Rhus tox, Arnica montana, and Calcarea carbonica, can help alleviate some of the frequent pain, anxiety, and exhaustion symptoms that older people face. When compared to traditional treatments, which could overlook the complexities of aging, homeopathy's personalized approach, in which remedies are made according to each patient's unique symptoms and constitution, could be a huge boon. Existing studies include methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and a lack of rigorous control groups, which means the data is still unclear. Additional high-quality, large-scale research are necessary to determine the effectiveness and possible advantages of homeopathy as an adjuvant treatment for older individuals.
New constitutional principles for the management of public services in Algeria : an analysis in light of the 2020 constitutional amendment
This article examines the impact of the 2020 constitutional amendment on the principles governing public services in the Algerian legal system, focusing in particular on Article 27, which is analysed in order to highlight how the constitution reaffirms the classic principles of public services, foremost among which are continuity, equality between users, and the adaptability of services to change. At the same time, it enshrines modern principles for the management of public services, namely transparency, equitable coverage of the national territory, and quality of services provided, reflecting the trend towards upgrading public services and improving their quality.
Engineering Nothingness: The Limits of Human Dignity between Anti-Natalism and Contemporary Eugenics
This study explores anti-natalist philosophy and eugenics as contemporary manifestations of the reengineering of human beings and the deconstruction of human nature within the fundamental tension between human dignity, biological constraints, and sociocultural particularities. In this context, the refusal to procreate or the decision to undergo eugenic enhancement ceases to be a purely personal choice. Instead, it becomes an ethical and political instrument that reshapes the individual according to external criteria. The study further undertakes a philosophical deconstruction of the ideological dimensions underpinning these currents. It interrogates the universalist claims of bioethics, highlighting the risks posed to individual freedom and anthropological diversity. From this perspective, anti-natalism and eugenics emerge as arenas of conflict among ethics, politics, and science, in which the limits of control over human life are tested, and the question arises of whether the human being may still be defended as an autonomous agent in the face of attempts at fragmentation and reconfiguration.
The Philosophy of Self and Other in the Thought of the Divine Religions
An attentive reading of the contemporary global context, particularly the situation of the Muslim community, reveals that conflict is no longer limited to the economic and political domains shaped by globalization, but has also taken on a distinctly religious dimension. This is manifested both within individual societies, through sectarian divisions, and in the interactions among followers of the three Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Such a reality can largely be explained by the growing detachment of many adherents from the true essence of their religious teachings, coupled with the rising dominance of certain religious discourses that have gradually supplanted the foundational message of religion. As a result, the discourse of some religious authorities—priests, rabbis, and jurists—has, at times, come to overshadow the original religious message grounded in spiritual and humanistic values. Nevertheless, this assessment should not be indiscriminately applied to all religious figures, as many have remained committed to the spirit of dialogue and coexistence that lies at the heart of the divine revelations. Yet, certain movements and sectarian trends within the three religions have contributed to reshaping religious discourse, shifting it from a framework based on tolerance and dialogue to one marked by ideological confrontation and conflict, thereby distancing it from the fundamental purpose of religion, which is to foster shared human values. In light of this, it becomes essential to return to the authentic religious discourses within Islam, Christianity, and Judaism—discourses that have historically sought to mitigate religious conflict and to oppose all forms of extremism. From this standpoint, the article seeks to examine the religious heritage of these three traditions with the aim of reviving the common human values that unite followers of different faiths, values rooted in the recognition of difference as a legitimate form of diversity rather than a cause of discord. The discussion will therefore be confined to presenting three illustrative models drawn from Jewish, Christian, and Islamic heritage that exemplify these principles of coexistence.
Enhancing Security with Quantum Key Distribution: A Comparative Study of Protocols
An innovative step forward in cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses quantum physics to provide unmatched security. gives a comparative analysis of multiple QKD protocols, analyzing their advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications; these protocols include BB84, E91, and continuous-variable QKD. We may determine which protocols are most suited for certain communication circumstances by comparing their security aspects, such as their capacity to withstand eavesdropping and how well they work in noisy environments. Furthermore, there are a number of obstacles that are now preventing QKD from being widely used, such as issues with scalability and integration with present infrastructures. The results imply that, despite QKD's unrivaled security benefits, the technology's future success will hinge on resolving technological hurdles and guaranteeing its smooth adoption across many sectors.
Le rôle des mouvements associatifs initiés par Cheikh Abdelhamid Benbadis dans le développement de l’esprit nationaliste dans l’Algérie coloniale
This article examines the impact of the associative movements initiated by Abdelhamid Benbadis, an Algerian reformer and intellectual, and their role in fostering a sense of national identity and belonging to a religion, a language, and a nation. Since this awakening of national consciousness could not be achieved through direct discourse, the thinker employed the means at his disposal to shape an entire generation towards national awareness. An elite, comprised of athletes, writers, and cultural figures, emerged as a direct product of this associative movement, leading directly to an elite conscious of the challenges they faced: namely, instilling the idea of the nation within the social group, united by language and a shared homeland. One cannot understand Abdelhamid Benbadis's cultural and sporting journey without defining the socio-historical context imposed by the Indigenous Law, the primary obstacle to the Algerian voice.
Optimizing Athletic Performance: The Role of Training, Nutrition, and Recovery
Athletic performance is influenced by multiple factors, with training, nutrition, and recovery playing pivotal roles. This paper explores the interdependence of these three components and their impact on enhancing sports performance. It highlights various training methodologies, the significance of macronutrients and micronutrients in diet, and the necessity of adequate recovery techniques, including sleep and active rest. The findings suggest that a holistic approach integrating tailored training programs, well-structured nutrition plans, and efficient recovery strategies leads to optimal athletic performance and injury prevention. Athletic performance is a multifactorial phenomenon shaped by training regimen, nutritional strategies, and recovery practices. This paper synthesizes current evidence on how optimized training methodologies, targeted nutrition, and systematic recovery protocols interact to enhance performance outcomes in athletes across disciplines. Findings suggest that periodized training models, individualized macronutrient planning, and science-based recovery modalities (e.g., sleep, active recovery, and hydration) each contribute uniquely to performance and reduce injury risk. The integration of these components fosters sustainable athletic development and competitive success.
Powers of the Ship Captain Between the Specific Requirements of Maritime Navigation and the Necessity of Representing Public Authority
The study is concerned with the specificity of the ship captain's powers during maritime navigation under Algerian legislation. It highlights the powers related to the specific requirements of maritime navigation in the marine environment, alongside examining the provisions concerning powers linked to representing public authority.
Exploring Quantum Computing for Optimizing Cloud Data Storage and Security
Cloud computing and cybersecurity are only two of the many areas that stand to be profoundly affected by the groundbreaking science of quantum computing. With the growing importance of cloud storage and security in the digital era, traditional computing approaches are confronted with challenges in processing power, encryption, and data management. Utilising quantum techniques to enhance efficiency, speed, and robustness in processing massive volumes of data, quantum computing has the ability to optimise cloud data storage and security. Data encryption, data retrieval, and storage optimisation are three of cloud computing's most pressing problems; quantum computing's capacity to execute complicated computations at unparalleled speeds might provide solutions. Innovative strategies to improve data privacy and integrity in cloud contexts are discussed in the study, including quantum encryption algorithms and quantum key distribution (QKD). Hybrid cloud architectures that maximise processing power and security are also explored, as are methods of integrating quantum computing with classical systems. Considerations for and obstacles to implementing quantum algorithms and technology into cloud infrastructure, with an emphasis on the necessity for additional study in these areas. In the end, quantum computing has the ability to revolutionise cloud data storage and security by opening up new avenues for efficient, scalable, and secure cloud-based services.
Assessing the Role of Forensic Accounting in Fraud Detection and Prevention
Accounting for forensic purposes is an extremely important part of the process of identifying, preventing, and investigating fraudulent acts that occur within organisations. the impact that forensic accounting techniques have on the identification and prevention of fraud, with a particular focus on the usefulness of these approaches in revealing financial abnormalities, recognising fraudulent schemes, and providing legal evidence in situations involving fraud. This article examines a variety of forensic accounting procedures, such as data analysis, financial statement inspection, and investigative tactics, and evaluates how these methodologies might be utilised to uncover both internal and external fraud. The article emphasises the significance of forensic accountants in the areas of corporate governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance by conducting an exhaustive study of case studies and examples from the real world. It is imperative that businesses incorporate forensic accounting methods into their financial controls in order to maintain a level of protection against fraudulent activity. Furthermore, the study delves into the ever-increasing demand for specialists who specialise in forensic accounting, which is rising in response to the increased incidence of corporate crime and financial malfeasance. Following the conclusion of the study, policy recommendations are provided with the purpose of increasing the role of forensic accounting in the prevention of fraud. These recommendations centre on education, training, and the implementation of sophisticated technologies in order to remain ahead of emerging fraudulent strategies.
The Algerian Theatre Between Indigenous and Foreign Influences
Since its earliest manifestations, Algerian theatrical experimentation has aimed to establish a form of celebratory realism that resonates with the spirit, awareness, and culture of its audience, a spirit and culture rooted in the social margins. This orientation is evident in the work of many theatre practitioners such as Allalou, Bachtarzi, Abdelrahman Kaki, Kateb Yacine, among others, who variously mobilized the margin and its texts through diverse techniques. Despite differing approaches, these experiences converge on a shared trajectory: reconfiguring popular consciousness through its own distinct cultural expressions. Such a practice opens broad horizons for ongoing experimentation within one of the most historically entrenched literary genres and fuels the quest for a uniquely Algerian theatrical model, one that grapples with the challenge of anchoring (taʾṣīl) the genre while examining what makes Algerian theatre distinct.
Circular Economy in the Renewable Energy Sector: Reusing, Recycling, and Redesigning for Sustainability
The idea of a circular economy (CE) has come to the fore as a viable structure for the renewable energy industry, which is seeing a dramatic uptick in interest as a means to fight climate change and lessen reliance on fossil fuels. By encouraging product and system redesign, recycling, and reusing, a circular economy seeks to reduce waste and maximise the use of existing resources. By expanding the lifespan of renewable energy technology, decreasing waste, and minimising the environmental effect of energy production, the use of circular economy principles within the renewable energy sector can greatly improve the sustainability of energy systems. what role circular economy principles are playing in the renewable energy industry's efforts to reuse and recycle components of wind turbines, solar panels, and energy storage devices. eco-friendly energy system redesign that considers resource efficiency, end-of-life management, and lessens the environmental impact of renewable energy sources. Saving money, reducing raw material use, and cutting carbon emissions are just a few of the environmental and economic advantages of implementing circular economy principles. This article reviews current case studies and innovative practices to show how the circular economy is driving a more sustainable and resource-efficient energy future and how the renewable energy sector must adopt it if it is to be sustainable in the long run.
Philosophical Argumentation and the Pragmatic Context in Taha Abd El-Rahman
Philosophical argumentation, throughout the stages of its emergence whether in Greek or Islamic philosophy, formed an intellectual system that expresses the extent of interaction occurring at the level of ideas and mentalities, and what characterized the intellectual, systemic, and doctrinal environment. It did not remain a term confined to circumstantial rhetorical uses; rather, it became a dimension inherent in every discourse absolutely. This means that argumentation is a science among the sciences, with its pillars, methods, and distinctive aspects that define it and determine its essence, and through them this science acquires its importance. The thinker Taha Abd al-Rahman, in his book Language and the Balance or Mental Abundance, attempted to highlight the great importance of this term, devoting to it a full chapter entitled “Discourse and Argumentation.” Taha Abd al-Rahman also focused on the linguistic concept of argumentation, which he sees as having two aspects: the first is intention, and the second is predominance through argument. He also gives argumentation two main forms: it is pragmatic, because its intellectual character is situational and social, and it is also dialectical, because its persuasive aim is based on adherence to inferential forms.
A Study of Consumer Buying Behaviour in the Era of E-Commerce
Consumers' information-gathering, product-evaluation, and purchase-decision processes have all been profoundly affected by the meteoric rise of e-commerce. behavior of online shoppers in the modern period, with a focus on aspects including ease of use, affordability, reliability, website design, and the impact of digital marketing. how people's tastes and inclinations to buy are influenced by internet platforms, social media, and electronic word of mouth. This research looks at how various demographics shop online using survey data and previous research. Consumers' purchasing decisions in e-commerce settings are heavily influenced by factors such as ease of access, competitive price, secure payment methods, and reliable delivery services, according to the research. Data privacy, product quality, and the absence of physical inspection are some of the obstacles. the importance of customer-centric methods and trust-building mechanisms for e-commerce enterprises to positively impact purchasing behavior and attain long-term growth in the online marketplace.
Hands-on Pulse of English-Medium Instruction Practices in STEM
The present study explores the veracity of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in Algerian higher education, with particular emphasis on STEM disciplines. The study draws on data collected from 100 participants, including 8 STEM teachers and 92 STEM students from various higher education institutions across the Algerian Republic. Using a quantitative survey design, the research examines perceptions of EMI adoption, institutional readiness, personal linguistic preparedness, willingness to participate, and the need for pedagogical support. The findings indicate generally positive attitudes toward EMI, reflecting recognition of the growing importance of English in scientific and technological fields. However, this support is accompanied by caution, as participants express concerns regarding institutional preparedness, linguistic readiness, and the potential challenges associated with abrupt implementation. Many respondents favor a gradual and structured transition to EMI and highlight the importance of adequate support systems to ensure effective adaptation. The study concludes that while EMI in Algerian STEM education is broadly welcomed, its success depends on systematic planning and pedagogically responsible implementation. Key implications include the need for phased adoption, targeted language support programs, comprehensive teacher training, adapted assessment practices, and equity-focused policies to ensure that content mastery and language development advance concurrently. By offering empirical insight into current perceptions and practices, this study contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainable EMI implementation in Algerian higher education.
The Role of Remote Sensing in Monitoring Deforestation and Land Cover Change
Deforestation and land cover change represent some of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity, climate regulation, and sustainable development. Remote sensing has emerged as a powerful and indispensable tool in detecting, quantifying, and analyzing these changes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. By employing satellite imagery, aerial photography, and advanced geospatial techniques, remote sensing enables researchers to monitor deforestation patterns, identify drivers of land cover transformation, and assess the ecological impacts of human activities with high precision. The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with remote sensing further enhances the ability to model land use dynamics, forecast future scenarios, and support evidence-based policy formulation. Case studies from tropical forests, urban expansion zones, and agricultural frontiers illustrate how remote sensing provides consistent, repeatable, and cost-effective data critical for conservation planning and sustainable resource management. Moreover, advancements in machine learning and cloud-based platforms such as Google Earth Engine have revolutionized large-scale monitoring, enabling near real-time detection of forest loss. This paper argues that remote sensing is not only a scientific tool but also a strategic instrument for governments, NGOs, and international organizations in designing climate mitigation strategies, combating illegal logging, and achieving global sustainability goals.
Biotechnology and Bioethics: The Problem of the Sanctity of Life in the Age of Scientific Intervention
This article addresses the problematic relationship between biotechnology and bioethics in the light of the question of the sanctity of human life, within the context of rapid scientific transformations that have reshaped the boundaries of intervention in living organisms. It seeks to highlight how biotechnological progress has expanded the possibilities of controlling life, while bioethics has emerged as a critical ethical field aimed at evaluating these practices and regulating them according to values. Through an analytical philosophical approach, the article discusses the concept of the sanctity of life as an ethical standard that transcends technical utility and the fluctuations of the human condition, emphasizing the necessity of achieving a balance between scientific capability and moral responsibility, in order to preserve human dignity and the meaning of life in the biotechnological era.
Computational Chemistry Approaches in Drug Repurposing for Emerging Diseases
Traditional drug discovery processes are cumbersome due to their high failure rates, lengthy and expensive development times, and the critical requirement for quick therapeutic interventions during new disease outbreaks. To combat these kinds of emergencies more quickly and cheaply, the practice of drug repurposing—the process of finding new therapeutic applications for already-approved or experimental pharmaceuticals—has been gaining popularity. A modern repurposing pipeline would not be complete without computational chemistry, which has allowed for the rapid identification of candidates and the systematic investigation of drug-target interactions. Pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, QSAR modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations are some of the techniques that scientists use to screen large chemical libraries and make accurate predictions about binding affinities. By combining these methodologies with network pharmacology and systems biology, their applicability has been greatly enhanced, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of polypharmacological effects and intricate disease pathways. The predictive capacity of computational models has been significantly improved by recent advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. This has made it easier to find new candidates and migrate from in silico forecasts to experimental validation.
The Impact of Sciences and Arts on the Corruption of Morals According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This article addresses the central problematic in the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) related to the impact of the development of sciences and arts on the corruption of moral values. This thesis constituted a radical critique of the assumptions of the Enlightenment, which linked cognitive progress with moral elevation. The article aims to analyze the arguments on which Rousseau relied in his Discourse on the Sciences and Arts to justify his position that the luxury resulting from modern civilization has created a sharp paradox between appearance and reality, between truth and falsehood, which led to the obliteration of virtue and its replacement by artificial values based on outward show and social recognition. The study concludes that Rousseau does not call for the absolute rejection of science or a return to ignorance; rather, he distinguishes between false sciences that nourish vices and useful sciences that serve virtue and humanity. Although Rousseau raised the issue of the impact of sciences and arts on morals in the eighteenth century, this thesis continues to gain great relevance today in light of the challenges of artificial intelligence and modern means of communication, which reproduce the relationship between sciences and ethics. This calls on researchers to re-examine that relationship in order to probe its depths and reveal its outcomes.
Advances in Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Catalysis
Nanomaterials' exceptional characteristics—a result of their diminutive size, large surface area, and increased reactivity relative to bulk materials—have attracted a lot of interest as of late. Due to their unique properties, they find extensive use in many fields, but notably catalysis, where they drastically reduce reaction times while simultaneously increasing selectivity and decreasing energy requirements. the current state of the art in nanomaterial fabrication, characteristics, and catalytic process applications. With an emphasis on regulating their size, shape, and surface features to customise their catalytic behaviour, various methods for synthesising nanomaterials are addressed, including chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel procedures, and hydrothermal synthesis. Nanomaterials' quantum effects, high surface-to-volume ratios, and reactive intermediate stabilisation capabilities are investigated in light of their potential to improve selectivity and catalytic activity. Catalysis is just one of many areas where nanomaterials are finding increasing use. Some examples include energy production (through fuel cells or hydrogen generation), environmental protection (through pollutant degradation or CO₂ capture), and the chemical industry (through polymerisation or fine chemical synthesis). this dynamic area are also covered, along with issues pertaining to the scalability, stability, and cost-effectiveness of catalysts based on nanomaterials. More efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly chemical transformations may be possible in the future because to developments in nanomaterials, which have the potential to completely alter catalytic processes.
Family Communication in Light of the Spread of the Coronavirus in Algerian Society A Field Study in the City of Ghardaia, Algeria
The study aimed to know the impact of the spread of the Coronavirus on family communication in Algerian society, through a field study in the city of Ghardaia – Algeria – and the study relied on the descriptive approach. The study sample consisted of 60 families in the city of Ghardaia that were chosen randomly. The study relied on a questionnaire tool designed for parents of families to determine the extent of the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on family communication. The results of the study confirmed that the Coronavirus crisis had a positive impact in terms of family communication.
Role of Corporate Governance in Enhancing Firm Value: An Empirical Analysis
Corporate governance plays a vital role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective management, which are essential for enhancing firm value. This study presents an empirical analysis of the role of corporate governance in improving firm value by examining key governance mechanisms such as board composition, ownership structure, audit committees, and disclosure practices. Using secondary data drawn from corporate financial statements and governance reports, the study analyses the relationship between governance quality and firm value indicators, including market valuation, return on assets, and return on equity. firms with stronger corporate governance frameworks tend to exhibit higher firm value, better financial performance, and increased investor confidence. Effective governance mechanisms reduce agency problems, improve managerial efficiency, and promote long-term strategic decision-making. The importance of robust corporate governance practices for sustainable value creation and provides insights for policymakers, regulators, and corporate managers seeking to strengthen governance structures to enhance firm value.
Data Privacy in Machine Learning: Balancing Efficiency with Ethical Considerations
When it comes to making predictions and judgements using massive amounts of data, machine learning (ML) has been a game-changer for a number of sectors. Data privacy and the ethical consequences of data usage are major challenges that are brought up by the increasing dependence on data-driven models. there is a conflict between the need for machine learning algorithms to access large volumes of sensitive data in order to function efficiently and the ethical concerns related to data protection, permission, and privacy. We look at the problems with data anonymisation, the danger of re-identification, and the compromises between privacy and model accuracy that arise while training ML models. takes a look at ML privacy-preserving methods including homomorphic encryption, federated learning, and differential privacy that try to safeguard people's privacy without lowering ML models' performance. We also go over how legal frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) may help establish norms for ethical data processing and guarantee that users' privacy is protected at every stage of machine learning. Keeping trust and transparency in machine learning's use in mind, this paper offers insights on how the technology might progress responsibly while balancing data availability for innovation and the imperative of safeguarding personal information.
Litigation procedures before the International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court is the first permanent judicial body established by an international convention governed by a statute, which gives it a major role in establishing international criminal justice. In order to achieve its goal of bringing criminals to justice and ensuring that they do not escape punishment, the Court relies on the referral system established by its Statute. Such referrals may be made by States Parties, by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, or by the Prosecutor on his own initiativeOnce a case has been referred to the Prosecutor, he or she initiates an investigation and then notifies the Pre-Trial Chamber of the referral so that it may grant approval for referral to the Trial Chamber, i.e. the trial stage, based on the evidence and documents submitted by the Prosecutor. This study aims to identify the procedures for litigation before the court by identifying the cases referred and the investigation procedures carried out by the Prosecutor before the Pre-Trial Chamber, leading to trial before the Trial Chamber, which issues first instance judgments that are subject to appeal and review before the Appeals Chamber, ultimately resulting in the enforcement of those judgments once the charges against the individuals have been proven.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Amino Acids: Methodologies and Industrial Applications
Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in various biological processes. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in the synthesis of amino acids, driven by the growing demand for these molecules in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and other industrial applications. recent advances in the synthesis of amino acids, focusing on innovative methodologies and their industrial applications. Recent developments in amino acid synthesis have enabled the efficient production of both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids with improved yields, selectivity, and sustainability. Novel synthetic strategies, including enzymatic catalysis, chemoenzymatic approaches, asymmetric synthesis, and green chemistry methodologies, have emerged as powerful tools for accessing diverse amino acid derivatives with high purity and stereoselectivity.
Judicial Activism and Its Impact on Constitutional Governance in India
Judicial activism has become one of the most contentious aspects of constitutional administration in India due to the judiciary's active role in interpreting and expanding constitutional provisions. Judicial activism, rooted in justice, liberty, and equality, has been used by the Supreme Court and High Courts to preserve fundamental rights, uphold the rule of law, and fill legislative or executive inadequacies. the history, scope, and effects of judicial activism in India, from early post-independence judgments to landmark cases like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), which established the basic structure doctrine, and Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), which established workplace sexual harassment guidelines without legislation. Judicial activism has strengthened democratic values by broadening Article 21 to cover livelihood, health, environment, and education rights. It raises worries about judicial overreach, separation of powers, and parliamentary authority being undermined. The study emphasizes judicial activism's dual position as a defender of constitutional morality and a topic of democratic accountability by examining its positive and negative contributions. Judicial activism has deepened India's constitutional democracy, but it must be balanced to respect institutional bounds and promote peace between the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
Psychological Quality of Life Among Algerian University Students: Evidence from a Descriptive Study at the University of Constantine 2
Psychological quality of life represents a fundamental indicator of well-being and adaptive functioning, particularly during the university period, which is characterized by developmental transitions and academic demands. The present study aimed to determine the level of psychological quality of life among students at University of Constantine 2. A descriptive analytical design was adopted. The sample consisted of 94 university students enrolled primarily in Master’s programs. Data were collected using a 42-item Psychological Quality of Life Scale based on a six-point Likert response format. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .729), and self-validity was calculated at 0.85. Normality testing revealed non-normal data distribution; therefore, analysis focused primarily on descriptive statistics. Results showed a mean score of 3.91 (SD = 0.429), indicating a generally high level of psychological quality of life according to the established classification intervals. The findings suggest that students perceive themselves as psychologically stable and relatively satisfied with their personal and academic lives. These results highlight the importance of maintaining institutional support systems that promote student well-being and psychological resilience within higher education environments.
Comparing the Efficacy of Low-Carb versus Low-Fat Diets on Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of low-carb and low-fat diets in terms of weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. After 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant weight loss compared to baseline (p < 0.05). However, the low-carb group demonstrated a greater reduction in body weight and fat mass compared to the low-fat group (mean weight loss: 8.5 kg vs. 6.2 kg, respectively). Additionally, participants in the low-carb group exhibited greater improvements in lipid profile, including reductions in total cholesterol and triglycerides, and increases in HDL cholesterol levels. Both groups experienced improvements in glycemic parameters, with no significant differences between the groups. No adverse events related to the dietary interventions were reported. In this randomized clinical trial, both low-carb and low-fat diets were effective for weight loss and improving cardiometabolic risk factors over a 12-week period. However, the low-carb diet resulted in greater weight loss and more favorable changes in lipid profile compared to the low-fat diet. These findings suggest that low-carb diets may be a preferable option for individuals seeking weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic health. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and sustainability of these dietary approaches.
The Deconstructive Project and Its Philosophical Reference Nietzsche, Heidegger, Derrida
We may not be exaggerating if we state that deconstruction is a philosophy more than anything else, and this is perhaps due to the philosophical character associated with it. To deconstruct this conception, we will pause at the most prominent milestones of the deconstructive project in Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Derrida, by questioning it and engaging in dialogue with some of its views and issues. We will also examine its referential and philosophical question, which raises various problems and complex issues witnessed in the philosophical and critical field during the postmodern period.
Role of Gut Microbiota in Nutrient Assimilation and Immunity in Insects
The gut microbiota of insects plays a fundamental role in host physiology, influencing nutrient assimilation, metabolic regulation, immune function, and overall fitness. Insects harbor diverse microbial communities within their digestive tract, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which establish mutualistic, commensal, or sometimes parasitic relationships with the host. These microbial symbionts contribute significantly to the digestion of complex dietary components, synthesis of essential nutrients, and protection against pathogens. the functional contributions of gut microbiota in nutrient assimilation and immune modulation across different insect taxa. Microbial symbionts facilitate the breakdown of otherwise indigestible compounds such as cellulose, lignin, and complex polysaccharides, enabling efficient energy extraction from plant-based diets. In some species, gut bacteria synthesize essential amino acids, vitamins, and other metabolites that are absent or limited in the host’s natural diet. Such metabolic integration enhances host growth, reproduction, and survival.the dual role of gut microbiota in insect nutrition and immunity provides valuable insights into ecological adaptation, pest management strategies, and the development of biologically based control methods. The findings highlight the importance of host–microbe interactions in shaping insect physiology and evolutionary success.
Reframing the Socratic Method for Legal Education in the Digital Age
Traditional legal education, usually focused on the Socratic method, faces both opportunities and challenges due to the rise of digital platforms. Digital tools can promote inclusivity for marginalized students through online forums and virtual classrooms, and AI can tailor education. However, this transition raises questions regarding student participation, algorithmic bias, and the quality of knowledge. Effective digital adaptation in legal education entails reinventing Socratic teaching through the integration of educational theory and technology, retaining human conversation, and assuring institutional support and ethical AI principles. This technique permits legal education to grow while keeping the analytical rigor essential to the Socratic method.
Sustainability Metrics in Corporate Reporting: An Analysis of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosures
The increased need from stakeholders for openness and accountability in relation to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is driving the trend toward sustainability measures becoming an increasingly essential component of corporate reporting. examination of the present practices and issues connected with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures in corporate reporting, with a focus on how businesses quantify and disclose their impacts on sustainability. environmental, social, and governance measures that are utilized by organizations in order to express their efforts and performance in the realm of sustainability respectively. the degree to which multiple reporting systems, such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), are able to deliver information that is both meaningful and comparable to one another. This research analyzes common patterns, best practices, and areas for improvement in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting by conducting a review of case studies and industry reports. within the context of strengthening corporate responsibility, building stakeholder confidence, and advancing sustainable business practices, the significance of standardized metrics and transparent reporting is emphasized. There are proposals for enhancing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures and furthering the incorporation of sustainability measures into corporate reporting frameworks.
Between Material Prosperity and Loyalty to Ideological Doctrine: The Forbidden Trade in the Era of the Crusades (1096-1291 AD)
The present article examines the policy of prohibiting the trade of war goods between Christians and the Islamic East, and between Muslims and the European West, during the Crusades (5th-7th centuries AH / 11th-13th centuries AD). This policy is primarily documented in Vatican records for the European West and in Islamic jurisprudence for the Muslim world. Despite the ban, merchants were more focused on commerce, often disregarding the consequences of their actions. In response, the Church intensified its support for the Crusades by convening councils where the issue of trading strategic goods with Muslims was addressed. The Church imposed excommunication on those who sold essential war materials to Muslims, and this prohibition was repeatedly renewed. The banned items included metals, timber (especially long wood, which was scarce in the region and crucial for shipbuilding), tar, weapons, sulfur, and horses. Even food and livestock could be subject to the ban. This article argues that merchants frequently defied these restrictions, continuing to trade in strategic war goods, which highlights the challenges faced by authorities in enforcing papal decrees.
Optimization Techniques in Operations Research for Industrial Applications
Optimization techniques play a crucial role in operations research by helping organizations make efficient and effective decisions in complex industrial environments. These techniques focus on finding the best possible solution to a problem while considering various constraints such as limited resources, time, and cost. In industrial applications, optimization methods are widely used to improve productivity, reduce operational costs, and enhance overall system performance. the use of optimization techniques in operations research and their importance in solving industrial problems. Mathematical models such as linear programming, integer programming, and nonlinear optimization are commonly applied to determine optimal solutions for resource allocation, production planning, scheduling, and transportation problems. These models allow industries to analyze multiple alternatives and select strategies that maximize efficiency and minimize waste.
The Physician’s Legal Liability for Abortion Procedures under Algerian Law: Criminalization versus Legal Justification
Abortion is regarded as one of the illegal and unethical actions that a physician, based on his profession and medical know-how. Subsequently, legal action can ensue against him due to criminal liability, as abortions are generally criminalized under Algerian legislation, or under civil liability, depending on the elements of the case, unless there is a legal provision that permits a physician to perform this action, in which case his liability will be limited.
The Microbiome: Unveiling Its Influence on Human Health and Disease Pathogenesis
An intricate web of microbes both within and outside the human body, known as the human microbiome, is essential for good health and disease prevention. Thanks to recent developments in genome sequencing and bioinformatics, our knowledge of the microbiome's intricate role in digestion, immune system control, and pathogen prevention has been greatly enhanced. human health and the microbiome, with an emphasis on the latter's role in illness aetiology. We take a look at the connections between dysbiosis, or disturbances in the balance of microbes in the body, and a number of medical issues, including as inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurological illnesses. We also go over several new ways of treating microbial imbalance that are starting to emerge, including diet modification, faecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotics. the expanding corpus of literature, this study highlights the importance of the microbiome in health and illness, highlighting the necessity for more investigation to utilise it for targeted treatment and illness prevention.
The Impact of Psychological Factors on the Formation of Social Action : A Field Study on a Sample of University Students at Laghouat University
This study aimed to examine the impact of psychological factors-namely motivation, self-esteem, and social anxiety-on the formation of social action among students at the University of Laghouat. It also sought to identify the nature of the correlational relationship between these variables and to explore differences according to certain demographic variables. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. Measurement tools were applied, including a motivation scale, a self-esteem scale, a social anxiety scale, in addition to a social action formation scale, to a randomly selected sample of 100 male and female students from the University of Laghouat. The results showed a significant effect of both motivation and self-esteem on the formation of social action, while social anxiety was found to have a negative effect on it. The findings also revealed a statistically significant correlational relationship between psychological factors and the formation of social action, as well as the presence of some statistically significant differences according to the study variables.The study concluded that social action among university students is directly influenced by the individual’s psychological structure. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to developing positive psychological aspects within the university environment and to strengthen psychological counseling programs to support adaptation and social engagement.
IoT-Driven Smart Cities: A Framework for Sustainable and Efficient Urban Infrastructure
Innovative solutions are needed to guarantee sustainable, efficient, and livable urban settings due to the fast increase in urban populations and the growing complexity of city management. Here, the Internet of Things (IoT) has shown to be a game-changer, with enormous promise for smart city infrastructure optimisation and citizen happiness. establishing a thorough framework for integrating IoT-driven solutions into municipal infrastructure to enhance sustainability and efficiency, the role of the IoT in constructing smart cities is crucial. Smart cities may optimise energy usage, improve waste management, boost traffic flow, and support environmental sustainability by utilising IoT technology including sensors, data analytics, and real-time monitoring. The Internet of Things also makes it possible to improve healthcare, security, and governance through the creation of better public services, which in turn creates a more responsive and linked urban ecology. core elements of the Internet of Things, difficulties in implementing them, and recommendations for making cities more sustainable. In addition, legislative frameworks play a crucial role in protecting personal information and promoting responsible Internet of Things (IoT) use in smart cities. Internet of Things (IoT) has the ability to spur innovation in cities, which in turn might make those places more efficient, resilient, and environmentally friendly.
The Role of Administrative Leadership in Developing Social Characteristics Among Newly Recruited Employees
Administrative leadership plays a central role in shaping the organizational environment and influencing the behavior and development of employees within institutions. In contemporary organizations, newly recruited employees often face various professional and social challenges as they attempt to adapt to the norms, expectations, and responsibilities associated with their new positions. These challenges require effective guidance and support from administrative leaders who are responsible not only for directing organizational tasks but also for fostering positive social characteristics among employees. The present study examines the role of administrative leadership in developing social characteristics among newly recruited employees, with particular attention to the ways in which leadership practices contribute to enhancing communication skills, teamwork, responsibility, and professional integration within the workplace. Social characteristics such as cooperation, commitment, respect for organizational values, and the ability to interact effectively with colleagues are essential for creating a productive and harmonious work environment. Administrative leaders influence the development of these characteristics through leadership styles, mentoring practices, organizational culture, and the establishment of supportive working conditions that encourage professional growth and social adaptation. Newly recruited employees often experience a period of adjustment during which they learn to navigate organizational structures, establish relationships with colleagues, and develop a sense of belonging within the institution. Effective leadership during this stage can facilitate the development of positive social behaviors, strengthen employees’ confidence, and promote collaboration and mutual respect among staff members. The study also highlights the importance of leadership approaches that prioritize communication, participatory decision-making, and recognition of employees’ efforts, as these factors contribute significantly to strengthening the social competencies of new employees. By examining the relationship between administrative leadership and the development of social characteristics among newly recruited employees, this research contributes to a better understanding of how leadership practices can enhance employee integration, improve workplace relationships, and promote organizational effectiveness. The findings may provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to improve leadership strategies, strengthen employee development programs, and create supportive environments that encourage the social and professional growth of new staff members.
The Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health
Air pollution has become a major environmental and public health concern across the world. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increased use of fossil fuels have significantly contributed to the rising levels of pollutants in the atmosphere. Harmful substances such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide are commonly present in polluted air and pose serious risks to human health. Among the various health effects associated with air pollution, respiratory problems are among the most significant and widely reported. Exposure to polluted air can irritate the respiratory system and damage lung tissues, leading to a range of health problems. Short-term exposure may cause symptoms such as coughing, throat irritation, breathing difficulties, and aggravation of asthma. Long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution has been linked to chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and reduced lung function. Children, elderly individuals, and people with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution.
The Anthropological Principles in the Works of Muslim Travelers: Ahmad ibn Fadlan as a Case Study
This article addresses one of the significant topics in the history of anthropological thought: the origins of anthropological principles among Muslim travelers. It highlights the works of one of the most distinguished figures in this domain, the explorer Ahmad ibn Fadlan, who visited numerous regions, including the lands of the Turks, the Saqaliba (Slavs), the Rus, and others. Through a detailed examination of his Risala (travel account), the study classifies his observations within the general field of anthropology. Specific examples are drawn to illustrate that his contributions encompassed the three main branches of anthropology—physical, social, and cultural. The article concludes that, although this work did not reach the level of formal anthropology as a modern scientific discipline, it can nevertheless be classified within what is termed anthropological thought, which collectively contributed to the emergence of this scientific field.
Parental Involvement in Education: Effects on Student Achievement
Parental involvement in education has been widely recognized as a key factor influencing student achievement. This research paper explores the various dimensions of parental involvement and its impact on student outcomes. The study delves into the theoretical underpinnings, empirical evidence, and practical implications of parental engagement in the educational process. Focusing on diverse socio-economic contexts and educational settings, the paper examines the barriers to effective parental involvement and proposes strategies to enhance parent-school collaboration for the benefit of students.
<< Entre exil et appartenance : intégration et réappropriation identitaire des harkis en France et en Algérie à travers les générations. Résultats D’enquête
L’évocation des questions mémorielles entre l’Algérie et la France s’accompagne souvent d’un enthousiasme certain, mais aussi d’une grande prudence, en raison des émotions contrastées qu’elles suscitent, entre rejet et reconnaissance, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit des harkis, longtemps perçus comme une charge dans l’imaginaire collectif algérien et associés à la trahison dans la mémoire nationale. Cependant, certains d’entre eux ont cherché, à travers des écrits et des témoignages, à atténuer la portée de cette accusation en mobilisant leurs souvenirs douloureux et leurs expériences de souffrance, dans l’espoir d’obtenir compréhension ou reconnaissance, en particulier de la part des Algériens. Du point de vue de l’intérieur algérien, ces démarches sont parfois interprétées comme une volonté de reconstruire des ponts, mais elles sont également accueillies avec une certaine réserve, dans la mesure où la mémoire nationale demeure profondément marquée par les expériences de la guerre et leurs répercussions durables, qu’il s’agisse des récits des moudjahidines et des moudjahidate ou de la conscience collective forgée après l’indépendance. Néanmoins, cette tension entre la douleur et la quête de reconnaissance ouvre un espace de réflexion permettant une relecture du passé au-delà des généralisations, et favorisant une meilleure compréhension des transformations de la mémoire des harkis à travers trois générations : le père, le fils et le petit-fils. Cette étude s’inscrit ainsi dans une problématique portant sur la relation entre exclusion et appartenance dans le cadre de cette mémoire, en interrogeant la manière dont l’identité se reconfigure entre discours d’exclusion et aspiration à la reconnaissance, au sein de l’interaction complexe entre les mémoires algérienne et française.
Financial Literacy and Its Influence on Investment Decisions among Young Professionals
One of the most important factors that influences the investment behavior of young professionals is their level of financial literacy. This is because young professionals are increasingly exposed to a diverse array of financial products and digital investment platforms. the influence of financial literacy on investment decisions made by young professionals, with a particular emphasis on their comprehension of fundamental financial concepts, risk–return trade-offs, diversification, and long-term financial planning. The research investigates the ways in which different levels of financial knowledge influence investment decisions, preferences for various asset classes, and risk-taking behavior. The research is conducted through the use of a structured questionnaire. A higher level of financial literacy among young professionals is associated with a greater likelihood of making well-informed decisions regarding investments, demonstrating a larger level of participation in formal financial markets, and adopting diverse investment portfolios. On the other hand, having a limited knowledge of finance is linked to relying on traditional savings vehicles and being susceptible to making decisions that are prejudiced or that are short-term in nature. For the purpose of enhancing investing competence among young professionals, the significance of tailored financial education programs and workplace-based financial awareness campaigns is emphasized. The development of financial literacy at an early stage in one's career can not only help to the financial well-being of the person, but it can also contribute to the stability of the economy as a whole by facilitating the more effective deployment of capital.
The Semantic and Aesthetic Dimensions of Heritage in the Algerian Novel: A Study in Cultural Consciousness and the Aesthetics of Narrative Formation
Heritage is considered one of the most important cultural components that have shaped Arab collective consciousness. In the Algerian context in particular, it carries meanings that go beyond the historical dimension to become a foundational element in both identity and writing. The Algerian novel found itself, since its emergence, facing a double challenge: building a modern narrative discourse capable of expressing reality, and at the same time restoring what had been confiscated from the collective memory during French colonialism. Thus, the return to heritage became both a cultural and aesthetic act through which the novel seeks to reconstruct the collective self and interrogate the past in order to illuminate the present. The presence of heritage in the Algerian novel is not merely decorative or nostalgic; rather, it is—most often—a representation of a historical and aesthetic consciousness that reinterprets inherited traditions in light of modern questions about identity, belonging, modernity, and the Other. In this framework, the novels of Tahar Wattar, Waciny Laredj, Ahlam Mosteghanemi, Bashir Mufti, and others fall within a narrative project that seeks to restore memory through invoking religious, popular, Sufi, and historical heritage. This article aims to reveal the semantic and aesthetic dimensions of heritage in the Algerian novel by analyzing the ways in which inherited traditions are employed in narrative discourse and clarifying their relationship with identity and modernity, relying on an approach that combines semiotic, cultural, and aesthetic analysis.
Exploring the Role of Technology in the Fashion Industry: From Virtual Fitting Rooms to Smart Fabrics
There have been revolutionary shifts in the design, production, marketing, and consumption of fashion as a result of technological advancements in the fashion business. virtual fitting rooms, 3D printing, smart materials, and artificial intelligence-driven design are just a few examples of the many ways technology is revolutionising the fashion business. By thoroughly examining existing technologies and how they are being used, these improvements are improving the quality of life for consumers, making production more efficient, and opening the door to more sustainable practices. The use and results of virtual fitting rooms, which let shoppers virtually try on garments before buying them, with the goal of increasing customer happiness and decreasing return rates. It also delves into the creation of "smart fabrics" that use sensors and other electronics to provide features beyond those of conventional clothing, such temperature control and health tracking. the possibilities and threats posed by these technical breakthroughs, such as concerns over affordability, scalability, and user embrace. Technology will remain an integral part of the fashion industry's future by influencing customer experiences and business practices; this research sheds light on the industry's trajectory by examining case studies of fashion companies that have effectively incorporated these technologies.
School health and its role in promoting a culture of health in Algeria
School health is a vital element in building a healthy and educated society, playing a fundamental role in promoting health awareness among students in Algeria. School health focuses on providing a healthy and suitable learning environment that enhances students' physical and mental well-being and contributes to improving their academic performance in Algeria.,as Educational institutions are a suitable arena for raising awareness about health concepts and the importance of disease prevention through educational programs and awareness initiatives covering topics such as healthy nutrition, physical activity, and mental health. The Ministry of National Education, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, is working to integrate school health programs into the educational curriculum, contributing to the development of a generation that is aware and capable of making sound health decisions. These efforts aim to reduce health risks that young people may face, such as obesity, smoking, and infectious diseases, by promoting healthy habits and developing positive behaviors from an early age. In this way, school health contributes to building a comprehensive health culture that improves the quality of life for individuals and society as a whole in Algeria.
The Role of Teacher Professional Development in Enhancing Instructional Quality
Teacher professional development (PD) plays an essential part in improving the overall quality of instruction within educational institutions and environments. It is crucial for educators to participate in successful professional development in order to equip themselves with the information and skills necessary to address the varied needs of their students and to improve learning outcomes. This is because the demands placed on educators continue to vary. In order to establish the impact that various professional development (PD) strategies have on instructional practices, this research explores a variety of PD approaches, such as workshops, peer cooperation, mentorship, and ongoing training programs. Information was gathered from instructors who were taking part in professional development efforts through the use of a mixed-methods approach. This technique included conducting questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. In particular, the data indicate that there is a considerable association between high-quality professional development and improved instructional practices, particularly in areas such as the delivery of curriculum, classroom management, and student involvement. Teachers who participated in professional development experiences that were both prolonged and collaborative reported having a stronger sense of self-assurance in their teaching talents as well as a deeper understanding of pedagogical practices that are applicable to a wide range of students.
Specialized Language: Bridging Theoretical Linguistics and Pragmatic Function in Academic and Professional Discourse
Specialized language constitutes a critical instrument in the production, dissemination, and reception of knowledge across academic and professional domains. Unlike general language, which serves everyday communication, specialized language functions as a structured system that integrates terminological precision, syntactic organization, and context-sensitive meaning-making. This study examines specialized language as a multidimensional system, situating it at the intersection of linguistic theorization and pragmatic application. The research addresses a core question: How can the conceptual boundaries, structural features, and pragmatic functions of specialized language be defined cohesively, without isolating one aspect from the others? The study adopts a framework that links terminological, syntactic, and organizational features with speech acts, dialogical entailments, and contextual appropriateness in specialized discourse. By proposing an analytical matrix connecting linguistic properties to pragmatic functions, the research demonstrates the feasibility of a comprehensive model capable of interpreting specialized texts in the humanities and social sciences. Expected outcomes include enhanced terminological precision, clearer communication within specialized communities, and practical guidance for researchers and professionals seeking to produce coherent and contextually accurate texts. Ultimately, this study positions specialized language as both a theoretical and applied domain, bridging linguistic structures and functional communication in contemporary knowledge production.
Circular Economy in Fashion: Textile Recycling, Upcycling, and the Future of Green Apparel
Critics are pointing fingers at the fashion industry, which uses a lot of resources, for contributing to issues like textile waste, unsustainable consumption habits, and environmental deterioration. Recycling textiles, upcycling them, and designing closed-loop systems to reduce waste and increase product lifecycles are all part of the circular economy's push for these changes. How advances in recycling and upcycling help to environmental sustainability and consumer adoption of green clothes, transforming the future of this industry according to principles of the circular economy. Theories of consumer behavior and sustainability are being used to explain how innovations in fiber recycling technology, the expansion of the second-hand market, and innovative upcycling projects are shaking up the conventional linear models of production and consumption. Research suggests that upcycling encourages innovation, local handicraft, and consumer participation in sustainable activities, whereas recycling programs lessen reliance on resources and emissions of carbon dioxide. However, obstacles to broad adoption include issues with scalability
Living with and for others, without racism or ethnic discrimination in cultural and civilisational classification, is a task through which Claude Lévi-Strauss sought to realise the principle of cultural and civilisational fairness and to overcome the obstacles of historical classification according to all forms of exclusion that label so-called primitive peoples as savage, barbaric, and outside civilisation. Similarly, philosophising, as conceived by Spinoza, is a project of learning to live happily, yet it is also a matter of learning to live together; one of the most assured manifestations of philosophical insight is the capacity to preserve harmonious modes of life. Individuals in today’s world, in what may be termed “advanced modernity”, find themselves in a strange paradox: never before has life appeared so sacred. On the one hand, we protect and preserve it, taking care not to squander it; greater efforts than ever are made to keep death at bay. On the other hand, do we truly live at all? Our existence is becoming increasingly confined, isolated from the world, and rooted in seclusion. We are witnessing a pervasive individualism that now leads to the rejection of collective existence, with a noticeable inclination toward the virtualization of existence. This leads us to question the meaning of life (is it sufficient merely to remain alive for as long as possible, as if in a state of breath suspension?) and the human condition (do we truly wish to avoid living together? ).
Coastal Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise: Mapping Risk and Resilience
Coastal zones are increasingly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of sea-level rise, which poses significant risks to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human settlements. Rising sea levels, accelerated by climate change and global warming, threaten low-lying coastal regions through erosion, saltwater intrusion, storm surges, and permanent inundation. This study emphasizes the importance of mapping risk and resilience as a tool for identifying hotspots of vulnerability and prioritizing adaptive strategies. By integrating geospatial techniques, socio-economic assessments, and climate modeling, the research highlights how exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity vary across coastal communities. It further demonstrates that resilience depends not only on physical infrastructure but also on social preparedness, governance frameworks, and sustainable development planning. Understanding the spatial patterns of vulnerability allows policymakers, planners, and communities to develop context-specific strategies to mitigate risks and build resilience. This research underscores that proactive adaptation and risk-mapping are crucial for safeguarding coastal regions against the accelerating challenges of sea-level rise.
Central Maghreb Scholars Teaching in Andalusian Urban Centres during the Centuries (3 AH–6 AH/9 AD–12 AD)
This study seeks to uncover cultural communication between the Central Maghreb and al-Andalus during the third to sixth centuries AH/the ninth to twelfth centuries AD. This period witnessed remarkable development, as attested by biographical dictionaries. This was manifested in the arrival of scholars from the Central Maghreb who taught in the scholarly urban centres of al-Andalus, where they received both material and moral support from the ruling authorities. These biographical accounts have revealed numerous scholarly urban centres that received this elite, such as Córdoba, Seville, Almería, and Elvira, distinguished by their educational institutions that strengthened scientific and cultural activity in al-Andalus. Among the sciences taught in the Andalusian urban centres were the religious sciences, including the sciences of the Qurʾān, ḥadīth, jurisprudence, and exegesis, followed by literature, history, and other sciences.
Sustainable Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics: A Polymer Chemistry Perspective
A worldwide environmental catastrophe has been triggered by the extensive use of single-use plastics. This is due to the fact that ecosystems and human health are being threatened by the accumulation of persistent trash, microplastic contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions. Innovative, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly solutions grounded in polymer chemistry are necessary to tackle this problem. Biodegradable polymers, bio-based plastics, and recyclable polymer systems are the subjects of this article's discussion of current developments in the creation of environmentally friendly substitutes for single-use plastics. We take a look at the degradation processes, processing difficulties, and practical performance of biodegradable materials such starch-based blends, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polylactic acid (PLA). At the same time, renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass and vegetable oils are emphasized as potential sources of bio-based polymers that could help decrease the reliance on fossil resources and the carbon footprint caused by plastic manufacture. Strategies to promote circularity and minimize waste are also highlighted, with an emphasis on advances in closed-loop polymer systems and chemical recycling. Improved mechanical strength, barrier characteristics, and scalability of sustainable alternatives are highlighted through the use of functional additives, nanocomposites, and sophisticated polymerization processes.
Career Maturity as a Mediator in the Relationship between Professional Social Support and Career Resilience among Vocational Trainees: A field study in two vocational training institutions in Tebessa, Algeria.
This study explored the mediating role of career maturity in the relationship between professional social support and career resilience among 135 vocational trainees randomly selected from two training centers in Tebessa, Algeria. Using a cross-sectional design and path analysis based on validated measurement instruments, data were analyzed with SPSS (version 27) and R code (Version 4.5.1) to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicated that professional social support neither significantly predicted career maturity (β = 0.100, p = .241) nor exerted a direct influence on career resilience (β = 0.012, p = .891). In contrast, career maturity demonstrated a significant positive effect on career resilience (β = 0.201, p = .017), although mediation analysis revealed no significant indirect effect (Sobel z = 1.043, p = .297, K2 = 0.021). The overall model suggests that career maturity functions as an independent predictor of resilience rather than as a mediating mechanism between social support and adaptive outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of fostering career maturity as a core developmental competency within vocational education while reconsidering the presumed centrality of professional social support in resilience formation. Future studies should investigate alternative pathways and moderating variables that clarify how different forma of social support influence career adaptation process.
Interactive Art and Audience Participation: Redefining the Boundaries Between Artist and Viewer
The changing connection between artist and viewer seen through the lens of interactive art, a form that allows viewers to take part and changes the usual limits of artistic involvement. Interactive art, on the other hand, depends on the user being involved, which makes them a co-creator of the art experience. how performance art, interactive installations, and digital media blur the lines between creator and observer, making the audience less of a passive listener and more of an active participant. The paper looks at important interactive works of art from different types of media to show how these practices involve viewers in changing, multisensory experiences that question standard ideas of authorship, control, and interpretation. This study also looks at how technology has changed interactive art, focusing on how digital tools, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence are making it easier for people to connect with art. In the end, this study helps us understand how interactive art is changing the art world by encouraging people to work together and changing the roles of both the artist and the watcher.
The Concept of Poetic Necessity: Between Grammatical and Critical Analysis
This study examines the concept of poetic necessity, exploring its relationship with grammatical analysis and its normative rules, as well as with critical analysis—specifically focusing on the phonetic-stylistic approach to analysis. It employs methods that encourage a deeper understanding of the meanings of structure and an appreciation of aspects of the creator’s psyche, as well as his style of influence and being influenced, through the syntactic, grammatical, morphological, and phonetic structures organized by linguistic shifts and deviations that achieve artistic beauty. On another level, it ensures the integration of the phonetic and syntactic aspects, linking the understanding of the poetic verse containing poetic necessity to the overall meaning of the text. This research paper affirms the fact that the internal rhythm of sounds is linked to inner psychological movement, as well as to the surge of emotion and its waves; this makes it a defining feature of the poet’s individuality and distinctiveness, and a driving force that inspires the reader to explore the worlds of the poetic text. The study attempts to answer the following question: If structure in poetry is subject to variation, is it sufficient to classify it under the heading of poetic necessity, or should its study rely on the distinctive phonetic rhythmic characteristics of the poetic text, given their importance in establishing rules and theories?
Battery Technology Innovations and Their Impact on the Future of Electric Mobility
Battery technology lies at the core of electric mobility, directly influencing vehicle range, cost, safety, charging time, and overall sustainability. Rapid advancements in battery chemistry and design are reshaping the performance and economic viability of electric vehicles (EVs), accelerating their global adoption. recent innovations in battery technologies, including improvements in lithium-ion chemistries, the development of solid-state batteries, lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) advancements, silicon-based anodes, and emerging alternatives such as sodium-ion systems. how these innovations address key challenges in electric mobility, including limited driving range, high production costs, long charging durations, and safety concerns related to thermal stability. Enhanced energy density and faster charging capabilities are expanding the practical usability of EVs, while cost reductions in battery manufacturing are improving market competitiveness. At the same time, efforts to reduce dependence on critical minerals such as cobalt and nickel are contributing to more sustainable and resilient supply chains.
Reform and Its Issues from a Qur’anic Perspective
Reform in the Holy Quran is a comprehensive process aimed at rectifying corrupt conditions and returning matters to their proper state in accordance with Allah’s guidance. This reform encompasses the rectification of belief, the self, society and interpersonal relationships. This research paper elucidates the essence of this concept using verses from the Quran, taking an analytical and deductive approach to highlight key issues related to it. Our conclusion is that this concept is central to the Quran, manifesting in general and specific forms relating to particular aspects. Furthermore, the essence of the message of all prophets and messengers revolves around reform.
Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance: A Psychological Study
Emotional intelligence has gained considerable attention in psychology as a key factor influencing individuals’ ability to understand, regulate, and effectively use emotions in daily life. In educational settings, emotional intelligence is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of students’ academic performance and overall learning experience. This study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance from a psychological perspective. how components of emotional intelligence, including self-awareness, emotional regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, contribute to students’ academic achievement. Students with higher emotional intelligence are better equipped to manage academic stress, maintain motivation, and engage positively with peers and teachers. These emotional competencies support effective learning behaviors such as persistence, goal-setting, and adaptive coping strategies. Using a quantitative research design, the study employs standardized emotional intelligence scales alongside academic performance indicators such as grades and test scores. The analysis aims to identify patterns and correlations between emotional intelligence levels and academic outcomes across different student groups. Attention is also given to potential differences based on gender and educational level. The study concludes that emotional intelligence plays a significant role in academic success by enhancing emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and learning engagement. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating emotional intelligence development into educational practices to support students’ academic achievement and psychological well-being.
The impact of sports sponsorship, in its dimension of sponsoring sporting events, on the purchasing behavior of the Algerian consumer: A case study of Mobilis Agency.
Sports sponsorship is considered a modern marketing tool used by organizations to improve their image in the consumer’s mind. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between sports sponsorship, in its dimension of sponsoring sporting events, and the level of consumer purchasing behavior, with its dimensions (information search, product preference, product purchase, and product use). For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed containing the various necessary measurement indicators and was distributed to a non-random sample estimated at 493 respondents. The study reached several results, the most important of which is the existence of a statistically significant effect at the significance level α ≥ 0.05 of sponsoring sporting events on the level of consumer purchasing behavior in its dimensions (information search, product preference, product purchase, and product use). This indicates the importance of sponsoring sporting events in enhancing the organization’s image in the consumer’s mind. The most important recommendations included strengthening the sponsorship of sporting events through other communication tools such as sales promotion at the event level to achieve the organization’s communication objectives, and establishing specialized departments for sponsoring sporting events within the organization to properly achieve its vision and ensure the effective delivery of its message.
Role of Zooplankton in Nutrient Cycling of Freshwater Ecosystems
To regulate energy flow and nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems, zooplankton are essential trophic linkages between primary producers and higher consumers. Through sloppy feeding, mortality, and excretion, their grazing on phytoplankton affects primary production and community structure and helps recycle vital nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Zooplankton play an important ecological role in nutrient dynamics as both consumers and recyclers. In addition to affecting species composition via selective grazing on certain types of algae, field surveys and experimental studies show that zooplankton-mediated nutrient regeneration increases nutrient availability in the euphotic zone, which in turn sustains phytoplankton productivity. Zooplankton are functionally diverse in influencing nutrient cycle pathways, and distinctions among taxonomic groups—such as rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans—highlight this diversity. The efficiency and direction of nutrient recycling are impacted by environmental factors such as temperature, eutrophication, and anthropogenic influences, which alter the community structure of zooplankton. Using these ecological insights, the study highlights how important zooplankton are for freshwater ecosystems to be productive, stable, and resilient. preserving ecological services and reducing eutrophication are two of their most important roles in lake management and conservation efforts.
Natural Law from the Perspective of Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Secondat)
Natural law, as a foundational concept in political and legal philosophy, has been subject to diverse interpretations across intellectual traditions. This paper examines the conception of natural law in the thought of Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Secondat), one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment. Unlike classical natural law theorists such as Thomas Aquinas or John Locke, Montesquieu develops a sociologically grounded understanding of law, where natural law is not an abstract, universal prescription detached from reality, but rather a set of principles rooted in human nature and shaped by environmental, cultural, and political contexts. Montesquieu’s major work, The Spirit of the Laws, offers a comprehensive framework in which laws—including natural laws—are understood as relations arising from the nature of things. He identifies fundamental natural inclinations such as the desire for peace, self-preservation, and social interaction as the basis of natural law. However, he departs from earlier normative traditions by emphasizing the variability of legal systems according to factors such as climate, geography, economy, and customs. This relativistic and empirical orientation marks a significant transformation in natural law theory, bridging the gap between universal principles and contextual realities. The study highlights how Montesquieu’s reinterpretation of natural law contributed to the development of modern political thought, particularly in relation to the theory of separation of powers and constitutional governance. By integrating empirical observation with philosophical inquiry, Montesquieu reshaped natural law into a dynamic concept that accommodates diversity while maintaining a minimal universal core. The paper concludes that his approach represents a critical transition from metaphysical to sociological jurisprudence, influencing subsequent developments in legal theory and political science.
Successful Change Management Strategies Across Industries
This paper explores successful change management strategies and their applicability across diverse industries. Change is a constant in the business world, driven by evolving market dynamics, technological advancements, and customer expectations. To effectively manage change, organizations must adopt a structured approach that considers industry-specific factors. This framework emphasizes the importance of understanding the need for change, building a committed change team, effective communication and stakeholder engagement, training and skill development, phased implementation, and sustained change integration. By following these principles, industries can adapt to change, maintain competitiveness, and foster a culture of continuous improvement. This paper serves as a valuable resource for organizations seeking to navigate change successfully in today's dynamic business environment.
Sexual Abuse as a Risk Factor for Developing Psychological Disorders
This article aims to review the scientific evidence showing that sexual abuse of children constitutes a major risk factor for a number of negative outcomes. It also reveals a strong association with multiple psychological disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mood, eating, sleep and sexual disorders, avoidance, and insecure attachment, all of which may intersect to increase the risk of negative outcomes.
Role of Mindfulness Practices in Reducing Stress and Improving Psychological Well-Being
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained increasing attention in psychology as effective strategies for stress reduction and enhancement of psychological well-being. Mindfulness involves purposeful awareness of the present moment with a non-judgmental attitude, allowing individuals to observe thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations without excessive reactivity. the role of mindfulness practices in reducing stress and improving psychological well-being. breathing, and body awareness techniques, and their impact on stress management and emotional regulation. Drawing on psychological theories and empirical research, the study highlights how regular mindfulness practice helps individuals reduce perceived stress, enhance emotional balance, and improve overall mental health. Mindfulness fosters greater self-awareness, acceptance, and resilience, which contribute to improved psychological functioning. Using a review-based and empirical perspective, the study examines the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions across different populations, such as students and working adults. Findings suggest that mindfulness practices are associated with lower levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as higher levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The study concludes that mindfulness practices offer a valuable, accessible, and evidence-based approach to promoting mental health. Integrating mindfulness into daily life and institutional settings can play a significant role in enhancing psychological well-being and reducing stress in modern, high-pressure environments.
Freelance Platforms and the Transformation of "Stable Job" Concept Among Algerian Youth: An Empirical Field Study
This study investigates the effect of platforms of freelancers on the transformation of the notion of stable employment of Algerian youth. Taking into account a comprehensive survey among 387 individuals aged 18 to 35 carried out in three important cities of Algeria (Alger, Oran and Constantine), the digital labor platforms are changing career perceptions and employment preferences. The results showed that the younger generations were turning out to be more popular as 67.2% preferred freelancing work. Statistical analysis reveals strong correlation between the familiarity with gig economy platform skills and digital abilities. The research adds to the expanding knowledge base on platform-mediated labor in the MENA region, along with policy recommendations to include freelance work in Algeria’s formal economy.
Impact of Climate Change on Reproductive Behavior and Migration Patterns in Avian Species
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant environmental challenges affecting global biodiversity, with avian species serving as sensitive indicators of ecological disruption. Rising global temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, habitat degradation, and shifting seasonal cycles have collectively influenced the reproductive behavior and migration dynamics of bird populations worldwide. the impact of climate variability on breeding timing, clutch size, nesting success, and migratory routes across diverse avian taxa. Recent long-term observational and satellite-tracking data reveal that many bird species are advancing their breeding seasons in response to earlier spring onset. While some species demonstrate adaptive flexibility, mismatches between peak food availability and chick-rearing periods have been observed, leading to reduced reproductive success in certain populations. Additionally, altered temperature and wind patterns have influenced migration timing, duration, and stopover site selection. Shifts in migratory routes and overwintering habitats are increasingly reported, particularly among long-distance migrants. Habitat fragmentation and extreme weather events further exacerbate these challenges by reducing nesting sites and increasing mortality risks during migration. Species with narrow ecological niches and limited dispersal capacity appear especially vulnerable. Conversely, some generalist species have expanded their geographic ranges in response to changing climatic conditions.
Unemployment and Social Transformations in the Light of Islamic Finance: A Sociological Approach to Activating the Values of Work and Solidarity for Achieving Justice and Development
Contemporary social and economic thought is witnessing a qualitative shift in analysing the phenomenon of unemployment. It is no longer measured by purely economic criteria but is increasingly studied as a sociological and cultural phenomenon that affects the very structure of society, its values, and patterns of interaction. The rapid social transformations in Arab societies — including Algerian society — reveal the profound reciprocal influence between unemployment and the changing system of values related to work, self-reliance, solidarity, and social justice. From this reality, the present study seeks to offer a sociological and analytical reading of unemployment in light of the principles of Islamic finance, viewed as an integrated ethical and developmental system that aims to achieve justice and social balance through its instruments and mechanisms such as zakat, waqf, partnership-based financing, and ethical investment models. Islamic financial thought goes beyond the boundaries of mere financing; it aspires to build a productive and cohesive society in which the values of work and solidarity are activated as fundamental pillars for achieving sustainable development.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Path Towards Sustainable Power Generation
The integration of renewable energy into smart grids is a crucial step towards achieving sustainable power generation and addressing the growing energy demand while reducing environmental impact. the role of smart grids in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower into the energy mix. Smart grids enhance energy efficiency by optimizing power distribution, enabling real-time monitoring, and improving grid stability through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). the challenges of integrating variable renewable energy sources, including grid balancing, energy storage, and the need for regulatory frameworks. Case studies of successful renewable energy integration into smart grids highlight the benefits of increased energy reliability, reduced carbon emissions, and economic growth. the importance of continued innovation and policy support to scale renewable energy integration in smart grids, paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
Difference as a Principle for Discussing the Question of Democracy and Human Rights (From the Beginning of the Ages to the Contemporary Era)
The philosophy of difference and its relationship to the human being as an independent, self-sufficient entity capable of shaping its own destiny encompasses many important aspects of contemporary philosophy. Difference, in this context, refers to the disagreements among members of society within a democratic state. The latter is also a field of interest for philosophy, sociology, and political science, as it is central to political thought and has gained traction worldwide, from American and European countries to the Arab world and our present era. While it may appear easy to study, its implementation in practice is extremely difficult. The social contract (Rousseau) is considered essential for providing security and stability in every society. The United Nations has recognized it as a foundation for human rights, guaranteeing the right to vote and equality for all. It also guarantees freedom of association with political parties and the existence of parliaments. The separation of powers during the French Revolution established it as a legal principle. Similarly, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is deeply embedded in the political programming of freedom, and indeed, other rights are ultimately freedoms. For the West, democracy and human rights are not principles or lofty ideals, but rather a political peace and a problematic issue subject to the law of hegemony and control
Community Health Interventions and Their Effect on Rural Well-Being
Rural populations often face significant health disparities due to limited access to healthcare facilities, shortages of trained professionals, lower socioeconomic resources, and geographic isolation. Community health interventions have emerged as effective strategies to address these challenges by delivering preventive care, health education, and support services directly within local settings. These interventions emphasize community participation, culturally responsive approaches, and decentralized healthcare delivery. Organizations such as the World Health Organization advocate community-based primary healthcare models to improve health equity in underserved regions. Rural initiatives commonly include mobile health clinics, vaccination drives, maternal and child health programs, nutrition awareness campaigns, and the training of community health workers. By leveraging local networks and trust, such programs enhance early disease detection, promote healthy behaviors, and reduce preventable morbidity.
The level of emotional intelligence among middle school students (14-15 years) In light of some variables (gender - mother's educational level)
The study aimed to determine the nature of the level of emotional intelligence among a sample of middle school students in the city of M'Sila, specifically whether there were statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence according to the gender variable and the mother's educational level. To achieve the objectives, the researcher used the Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Scale. bar-on The results of the study indicated that the level of emotional intelligence among middle school students was average. The results of the study also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of emotional intelligence attributable to the gender variable, and no statistically significant differences attributable to the mother’s educational level variable.
The Biotechnological Revolution and Its Impact on Mankind
In this article, we show the impact of the biological and technological revolutions on modern man. In the beginning, we point at the first steps undertaken by these two sciences towards solving some of Humanity’s unbearable health problems. Scientists devoted themselves to the research in order to invent different parts for the human body, which resulted in the production of a human-machine (robot). The difficulty in distinguishing a robot from a human being is a decisive turning point in human history, especially when it comes to feelings and emotions. Things did not stop here, as the development of information sciences, cognitive sciences and nanotechnology has made scientists think about how to enhance the human body with many technological appendages to adapt to a world overwhelmed with technology. This principle is opposite to the nature of man, who constantly strives to change his situation, which makes us wonder: What is the image of the new human being established by biotechnology? Will our self-understanding of man as an animal species withies own characteristics change? What is the fate of the human being in which all these artificial devises.
Impact of Environmental Stress on Plant Growth and Adaptation
Environmental stress is a major factor influencing plant growth, development, and survival. Plants are continuously exposed to a range of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient deficiency, as well as biotic stresses including pathogens and herbivores. the impact of environmental stress on plant growth and adaptation, focusing on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses that enable plants to cope with adverse conditions. how environmental stress affects key plant processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, and nutrient uptake, often leading to reduced growth and productivity. adaptive mechanisms including morphological changes, stress-responsive gene expression, antioxidant defense systems, and hormonal regulation. Advances in plant biology and biotechnology have improved understanding of stress tolerance and offer opportunities for developing stress-resilient crops. understanding plant responses to environmental stress is essential for improving agricultural sustainability and food security in the context of climate change.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Pathology: Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy and Efficiency
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of pathology, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and patient care. This extended abstract delves deeper into the transformative impact of AI on pathology, exploring its applications, challenges, and implications for the future of diagnostic medicine.AI algorithms, fueled by advances in machine learning and deep learning techniques, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in analyzing digital pathology images, detecting subtle morphological features, and predicting disease outcomes with accuracy comparable to or even surpassing human experts. By leveraging vast datasets of annotated pathology images, AI algorithms can learn to recognize patterns indicative of various disease states, enabling rapid and accurate diagnosis across a wide range of pathological conditions.AI-powered image analysis tools have the potential to standardize diagnostic interpretations, reduce inter-observer variability, and augment the capabilities of pathologists by providing real-time feedback and decision support. From the detection of cancerous lesions to the classification of infectious organisms, AI algorithms can assist pathologists in making more confident and timely diagnoses, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. However, the widespread adoption of AI in pathology is not without challenges. Issues related to data quality, algorithm robustness, regulatory oversight, and ethical considerations must be carefully addressed to ensure the reliability, safety, and ethical use of AI technologies in clinical practice. Moreover, concerns regarding the impact of AI on the role of pathologists and the future of pathology training and education warrant thoughtful consideration as AI continues to permeate the field.
The Effect of the Absence of Witnessing on the Marriage Contract - A Sharia and Legal Study -
The marriage contract is regarded as one of the most serious contracts and one of the most consequential in the life of the individual and society. For this reason, the Sharia has surrounded it with a set of safeguards that ensure its protection and preserve its objectives, foremost among them witnessing it. The jurists unanimously agreed as to its legitimacy, though they differed regarding its legal ruling and the extent to which it is considered a condition for the validity of the contract. This study seeks to address a number of issues connected with witnessing in the marriage contract. Its central problem revolves around clarifying its Sharia ruling, the conditions of the witnesses, the extent to which public announcement may suffice in its place, and the Sharia and legal effects resulting from its absence before consummation and after consummation. These issues have been addressed in two integrated chapters: the first is devoted to the conceptual framework, dealing with the definition of the marriage contract and clarifying the concept of witnessing therein; while the second chapter examines the conditions of witnessing, the rulings relating to its absence, and its effects.
The Mental Game: Psychological Resilience and Performance in Elite Athletes
Psychological resilience plays a crucial role in the performance of elite athletes. It enables them to overcome setbacks, handle pressure, and maintain focus during competition. This paper examines the impact of mental toughness, stress management, and cognitive strategies on athletic performance. It explores key psychological techniques such as visualization, goal setting, and mindfulness, which contribute to enhanced mental resilience. The findings suggest that athletes who develop psychological skills alongside physical training achieve greater consistency and success in their performance.
Human Resource Training as a Strategic Lever for Successful Organizational Change amid Contemporary Transformations: A Field Study of CAB Amor Ben Amor Food Caster Enterprise in Guelma
This study aims to highlight human resource training as a strategic approach to ensuring the success of organizational change within Algerian economic institutions in light of rapid contemporary transformations. It seeks to analyze the stages of the training process and to assess the extent of their contribution to supporting and activating organizational change within the organization. The study relies on both primary and secondary data and adopts descriptive and analytical methodologies. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V20.0) was employed to examine the nature of the relationship between the dimensions of human resource training and organizational change. The field study was conducted on a sample of 160 employees at the Amor Ben Amor Food Canning Company (CAB), located in the municipalities of Bouati Mahmoud and El Fedjoudj in Guelma Province. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that achieving organizational excellence and sustainability represents a key strategic objective for economic institutions, and that the case organization seeks to realize this objective through developing employees’ skills, improving performance levels, and keeping pace with technological advancements. The results further reveal a strong positive correlation, statistically significant at the 0.05 level, between the dimensions of training and organizational change. This confirms that investment in human resource training constitutes a fundamental pillar for enhancing organizational readiness for change, strengthening competitiveness, and ensuring sustainability in a dynamic and complex organizational environment.
The Religious and the Qur’anic Phenomenon: A Critical Approach to the Arkounian Project
The Qur’an, as the central sacred text of Islam, is examined through a critical and deconstructive lens inspired by modern Western epistemology. Mohammed Arkoun approaches the Qur’an as a historical and linguistic phenomenon shaped by social and cultural contexts, emphasizing symbolism, myth, and collective imagination. His method applies comparative and critical tools to understand the Qur’an alongside other sacred texts, highlighting its evolving meanings. While offering new insights, this approach raises debates about the limits of applying Western methodologies to a text considered divine and sacred in Islamic tradition.
Philosophical Foundations of Karma and Moral Responsibility
The concept of karma occupies a central position in Indian philosophical traditions and plays an important role in understanding moral responsibility and ethical behavior. Karma, which literally means “action” or “deed,” refers to the principle that every action has consequences that influence an individual’s present and future experiences. According to this philosophical idea, human beings are responsible for their actions, and the outcomes of these actions shape both personal development and moral accountability. The doctrine of karma emphasizes the relationship between action, intention, and consequence, encouraging individuals to act ethically and responsibly. Different Indian philosophical traditions interpret the concept of karma in various ways. In Hindu philosophy, karma is closely connected with the cycle of birth and rebirth and the pursuit of liberation (moksha). Buddhism interprets karma primarily as intentional action that influences the conditions of future experiences, while Jain philosophy emphasizes the role of karma as a subtle material force that binds the soul and influences its spiritual progress. Despite these differences, all traditions highlight the importance of ethical conduct and personal responsibility. The philosophical foundations of karma also raise important questions about moral responsibility, free will, and the consequences of human actions. The doctrine suggests that individuals have the capacity to make choices and are therefore accountable for their actions. By recognizing the ethical implications of their behavior, individuals are encouraged to cultivate virtues such as compassion, honesty, and self-discipline. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of karma and its relationship to moral responsibility. It explores how different philosophical traditions interpret the concept of karma and analyzes its ethical implications for human conduct and social harmony.
Knowledge and Its Impact on Contextual Literary Criticism Approaches
This study examines the relationship between knowledge and contextual critical approaches in literary criticism, highlighting the central role of epistemology in guiding the humanities in general and literary criticism in particular. It also introduces the concept of epistemology, its philosophical origins, and its connection to the term “epistemology” as a discipline. The paper demonstrates how literary criticism has benefited from various fields of human knowledge—such as history, sociology, and psychology—in the construction of its methodologies and the analysis of literary texts. Furthermore, it argues that the incorporation of these disciplines has contributed to a deeper understanding of texts and to situating them within their cultural and social contexts. The study concludes that knowledge constitutes the methodological foundation that grants literary criticism its scientific depth and its capacity to interpret and evaluate literary phenomena.
Philosophy of Education and the Development of Human Values
Education plays a vital role in shaping the moral, intellectual, and social development of individuals. The philosophy of education provides the theoretical foundation for understanding how educational systems contribute to the formation of human values. Human values such as honesty, respect, responsibility, justice, and compassion are essential for the development of ethical individuals and harmonious societies. Through philosophical reflection, educators are able to determine the aims of education and the methods through which these values can be effectively cultivated in learners. Philosophical perspectives help clarify the relationship between knowledge, morality, and human development. Different philosophical traditions have emphasized the importance of value formation in education. Idealist philosophers have stressed moral and spiritual development, while realist thinkers have highlighted the importance of understanding reality and social responsibility. Pragmatist philosophers, particularly John Dewey, emphasized experiential learning and the development of democratic values through active participation in social life. Existentialist thinkers also emphasized individual freedom and the development of personal responsibility through education. In modern societies, the importance of value-based education has increased due to rapid social, cultural, and technological changes. Educational institutions are expected not only to provide academic knowledge but also to promote ethical awareness and social responsibility among students. The philosophy of education helps educators understand how teaching practices, curriculum design, and educational policies can contribute to the development of human values. explores the relationship between the philosophy of education and the development of human values. It examines how philosophical ideas influence the goals of education and the ways in which educational institutions can nurture moral character and ethical awareness in students. The study also highlights the importance of integrating value-based education into modern educational systems to promote responsible citizenship and social harmony.
The Dominance of Place and the Fragmentation of the Self in Ibrahim al-Koni's The Bleeding of the Stone: A Psycho-Existential Approach to Dismantling the Hero's Centrality
This study traces the arc of the protagonist Oukheid in Ibrahim al-Koni’s The Bleeding of the Stone, adopting a psycho-existential lens to examine how the self unravels in its confrontation with the desert—a space that operates not as mere backdrop but as an active, even aggressive, force. The desert does not simply contain events; it forges them, pressing upon the psyche and steadily eroding the hero’s centrality until what remains is a self stripped of its former agency. Within this harsh geography, the inquiry delves into the Oedipal undercurrents shaping Oukheid’s inner world, while also drawing out the symbolic echoes between al-Koni’s narrative and Cervantes’ Don Quixote. What emerges is a reading attuned to the blurred boundary between illusion and reality—a threshold where both characters wander, and where the architecture of fiction reveals itself as a space of existential reckoning.
Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Diseases: A Pathological Perspective
Inflammation is a fundamental biological response that plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of chronic diseases. While acute inflammation is a protective mechanism aimed at eliminating harmful stimuli and promoting tissue repair, persistent or dysregulated inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease development. Chronic inflammatory processes are characterized by continuous immune cell infiltration, excessive cytokine production, and sustained activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to structural and functional alterations in affected tissues. From a pathological perspective, chronic inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain cancers. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species drive cellular injury, fibrosis, and abnormal cell proliferation. the pathological mechanisms linking inflammation to chronic disease progression and emphasizes the importance of understanding inflammatory pathways for improved diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic targeting of chronic inflammatory disorders.
Ecosophia: A New Approach to Applied Philosophy
The study of ethics is one of the major philosophical fields, which has raised questions about the relationship of humans with other people. However, this relationship is not limited to their own species but extends to the natural environment in which they live. Technology has mediated this relationship, resulting in serious damage, which has drawn philosophers’ attention to the need to adhere to specific ethical principles in dealing with the environment, thus establishing environmental ethics or ecosophia as an ethical philosophical field that, through its critical mechanisms and rational concepts, attempts to provide a value-based ethical vision for ecological problems. The importance of this research lies in its aim to provide non-traditional approaches to ecological problems, seeking to create a radical change in understanding our existence according to a new perception and a vision that redefines our understanding of nature, going beyond the cognitive and existential basis of modernity. Hence, we ask: How can a new ethics governing the human relationship with nature be established? Or more clearly: How can we move from classical ethics to contemporary ethics? And how can we understand the essence of nature and achieve true environmental awareness at the individual and social levels?
Smart Materials in Civil Engineering: Applications of Shape Memory Alloys in Structural Damping
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) represent a class of smart materials that have gained significant attention for their potential applications in civil engineering, particularly in structural damping systems to mitigate the effects of dynamic loads such as earthquakes and wind. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the use of SMAs for structural damping, exploring their unique properties, mechanisms of action, and practical implementations in civil engineering projects. The core of SMAs' functionality lies in their ability to return to a pre-defined shape upon heating, after being deformed at lower temperatures—a phenomenon known as the shape memory effect. This property makes them ideal for applications requiring materials to absorb and dissipate energy. The paper discusses various configurations of SMA-based dampers and isolators that have been tested and implemented in structures around the world, highlighting case studies that demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing structural resilience. Further, we delve into the challenges associated with integrating SMAs into civil structures, such as their long-term stability, cost implications, and the complexity of designing systems that can utilize the full potential of these materials.
The Poetics of Dialogue in the Novels of Ismail Yabrir
The poetics of dialogue in the novel are reinforced through the displacement of the word from its communicative dimension to its artistic and aesthetic dimension, whereby dialogic structure is transformed into a space of polyphony and into a means of revealing psychological and social tensions and conflicts. This is clearly evident in the novels of Ismail Yabrir, who moves beyond the employment of dialogue as an ordinary linguistic exchange to activate it as a tool for constructing conflict and propelling the course of narration. Monologic discourse simulates the language of madness and memory; it confesses and reveals the fragility and alienation of the self through the simulation of the discourse of wounded emotion and tense affective consciousness. Body language accompanies the utterance and intensifies its emotional force, while silence leaves a semantic gap that implicates the reader in the production of meaning. Moreover, the speech scene endows the novelistic moment with an intensified dramatic quality. Thus, the poetics of dialogue in Yabrir’s work are founded on the interaction of the inner voice with gesture and silence, whereby novelistic discourse is transformed into a structure that reflects the individual’s struggle with the self and with society and grants the text psychological and aesthetic density.
Thermal Barrier Coatings in Aerospace Engineering: Materials, Processes, and Performance Analysis
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a critical role in enhancing the performance and durability of aerospace components exposed to high-temperature environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in TBC technology, focusing on materials, manufacturing processes, and performance analysis techniques. The discussion encompasses a range of TBC materials, including ceramic-based coatings such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), gadolinium zirconate (GZO), and rare-earth silicates, as well as emerging alternatives like layered and functionally graded coatings. Various deposition methods, including plasma spray, electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), and thermal spray techniques, are evaluated for their effectiveness in producing TBCs with superior thermal insulation properties and bond strength. Additionally, the paper explores advanced characterization techniques, such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal cycling tests, utilized to assess TBC microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical integrity under operational conditions. Furthermore, the performance of TBCs in aerospace applications is analyzed through computational modeling and experimental investigations, highlighting the influence of thermal cycling, mechanical loading, and environmental degradation on coating degradation mechanisms and service life. By integrating material science, manufacturing engineering, and performance analysis, this review provides valuable insights into the development and optimization of TBC systems for next-generation aerospace platforms, emphasizing the need for multifaceted approaches to address the complex challenges associated with high-temperature protection and thermal management in extreme operating environments.
Transgression créative et équilibre normatif : pratiques d’hybridation arabe-français chez Yasmina Khadra et Alexandre Najjar
This article offers a comparative analysis of Arabic–French hybridization in two Mediterranean Francophone novels: Ce que le jour doit à la nuit (2008) by Yasmina Khadra and Mimosa (2017) by Alexandre Najjar. Drawing on contact linguistics and sociocritical approaches, it examines direct borrowings from dialectal Arabic, lexical creations and hybrid forms, as well as shifts in register. The analysis brings to light two contrasting authorial stances: a “creative transgression” in Khadra’s novel, where Arabic lexicon is woven into the French narrative without mediation, and a more “normative balance” in Najjar’s text, where dialectal insertions are consistently glossed and translated. These stances reflect distinct sociolinguistic legacies—the Algerian “rupture” Francophonie on the one hand, and a Lebanese Francophonie of continuity and prestige on the other—and point to two different ways of negotiating the norms of central French within the Arab–Mediterranean Francophone space.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Accounting Systems
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed modern accounting systems, reshaping how financial data is processed, analyzed, and reported. As organizations increasingly adopt intelligent technologies, traditional accounting functions are evolving from manual, transaction-based processes to automated, data-driven systems. This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence on contemporary accounting practices, focusing on efficiency, accuracy, fraud detection, decision-making, and strategic financial management. AI applications in accounting, including machine learning algorithms for predictive analysis, robotic process automation for routine bookkeeping tasks, natural language processing for financial reporting, and advanced data analytics for risk assessment. AI-driven systems enhance operational efficiency by reducing human error, improving real-time financial monitoring, and enabling continuous auditing. Additionally, the integration of AI supports more accurate forecasting and strategic planning by analyzing large datasets beyond human analytical capacity.
Aspects of Governor-General Jules Carde’s Policy in Algeria (1930–1935)
The governorship of Jules Carde (1930–1935) stands out as one of the most repressive periods in the history of colonial Algeria, marked by arbitrariness and repression directed against the Algerian population and the leadership of the national movement alike. Carde worked to consolidate the ideology of l’Algérie française (French Algeria), reinforcing settler privileges and acting as a pliant instrument in their hands. His policies deepened the impoverishment of the Algerian population across all sectors, condemning them to destitution, famine, and illiteracy. However, despite these harms, Carde's administration widened the gulf between Algerians and the colonial state, thereby accelerating the growth of national consciousness.
Comparative Study of Acupressure and Pharmacological Therapy for Insomnia
Insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders worldwide, characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, and impaired daytime functioning. Conventional pharmacological therapies, including benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, are widely prescribed and often provide rapid symptomatic relief. However, long-term use is frequently associated with tolerance, dependency, cognitive impairment, residual daytime sedation, and rebound insomnia. These concerns have prompted growing interest in non-pharmacological and complementary interventions such as acupressure. the effectiveness of acupressure and pharmacological therapy in improving sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, and overall well-being among individuals with chronic insomnia. Acupressure, derived from traditional East Asian medicine, involves applying manual pressure to specific acupoints believed to regulate physiological balance and promote relaxation. From a biomedical perspective, it may influence autonomic nervous system activity, enhance melatonin secretion, reduce stress hormones, and stimulate endogenous relaxation responses.
Larbi Ben M’hidi and His Role in the Algerian Liberation Revolution (1956–1957)
Larbi Ben M'hidi took charge of the Fifth Region (Western Algeria), which experienced several challenges during the initial months of the revolution, most particularly a shortage of weapons. This prompted him to travel to Cairo twice in search of a solution. There, he met with the external delegation and the problems and disputes existing among its members on the one hand, and between them and Abane Ramdane on the other, were discussed by him, leading him to decide to return to Algeria in April 1956. After returning from abroad, Larbi Ben M'hidi moved to Algiers in May 1956. He began coordinating with Abane Ramdane to hold the first meeting of the leaders of the liberation revolution within the country at the Soummam Conference. Larbi Ben M'hidi was tasked with overseeing the guerrilla operations, which were characterised by tight organisation, a clear framework and precise task allocation, after he assumed the role. These efforts culminated in the decision to organise an eight-day strike, provoking a strong colonial reaction. This culminated in the arrest of Larbi Ben M'hidi on 23 February 1957. Following brutal torture, he was martyred on the night of 3–4 March 1957.
Bias Detection and Fairness Optimization in Machine Learning Algorithms
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms increasingly influence decisions in sensitive domains such as healthcare, finance, recruitment, law enforcement, and education. While these systems promise efficiency and accuracy, they also risk perpetuating or amplifying societal biases present in data, design choices, and deployment contexts. Algorithmic bias can lead to unfair outcomes, discrimination against protected groups, and erosion of public trust. This paper examines the sources, types, and impacts of bias in machine learning algorithms and explores contemporary methods for bias detection and fairness optimization. It reviews statistical, algorithmic, and post-processing techniques used to identify and mitigate bias, while highlighting the inherent trade-offs between accuracy, interpretability, and fairness. The paper also discusses ethical, legal, and practical challenges associated with fairness-aware machine learning. The study concludes that fairness is not a one-time technical fix but an ongoing socio-technical process that requires interdisciplinary collaboration, continuous monitoring, and context-sensitive evaluation.
Fundamental Principles of Architectural Design: Form, Function, and Aesthetics
Architecture is a fundamental discipline that combines art, science, and technology to design and construct-built environments. The basics of architecture and design involve understanding key elements such as space, form, function, structure, and aesthetics. This paper explores the foundational principles of architectural design, including balance, proportion, rhythm, and harmony, and highlights their role in creating functional and visually appealing structures. It also examines how architecture responds to human needs, environmental conditions, and cultural contexts. By focusing on these essential concepts, the study provides a clear overview of how architecture shapes the built environment and influences human experiences.
Arabic Education in the Literature of the Independence Current within the Algerian National Movement, 1946–1954
The independence current was among the most prominent components of the Algerian national movement, which attached considerable importance to Arabic education despite colonial efforts to erase the cultural identity of Algerian society. This current recognition of the scale of responsibility incumbent upon it in confronting the policy of cultural assimilation and in working to curb the deterioration that had affected both the cultural and educational spheres. Following the events of 8 May 1945, it intensified its activity in this field by establishing national schools and funding student missions to the Mashriq and the Maghreb to form elites deeply imbued with national identity. The purpose of these initiatives was not merely to disseminate education; rather, it extended to addressing the consequences of colonial policy. These schools were thus characterised by a distinctly national ethos that reinforced the values of belonging and anti-colonial resistance while adopting an educational organisation closely resembling that of the schools of the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulama.
Exploring Psychopathology through Modern Neuroimaging Approaches
Psychopathology refers to the scientific study of mental disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and underlying mechanisms. In recent decades, advances in neuroimaging technologies have significantly improved the understanding of the biological and neurological foundations of mental illnesses. Modern neuroimaging approaches such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and electroencephalography (EEG) allow researchers and clinicians to observe brain structure, function, and activity with greater precision. These techniques have made it possible to identify abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional regulation, cognition, and behavior in various psychiatric conditions. This paper explores the role of modern neuroimaging approaches in the study of psychopathology. It examines how neuroimaging has contributed to understanding the neural correlates of major mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional changes in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and limbic system, which are closely related to emotional processing and cognitive control. These findings provide valuable insights into the neurobiological mechanisms that influence the development and progression of mental illnesses.
Arab Scientific Rationality: From Deconstruction to Reconstruction
European historians of science, and those who follow their approach, usually move from ancient science (Greek Aristotelian) to modern European science, considering the Middle Ages between them as an era of ignorance and darkness, because the minds of other races according to Eurocentrism are deficient and incapable of scientific creativity. But the opposite is true, as Arab scientific rationality refuted Greek theories that represented scientific traditions, and established new sciences and scientific theories on new foundations and a philosophy that completely differs from the Greek model, which contradicts modern scientific discourse, and paved the way for the modern scientific revolution. Without their scientific efforts, the course of human civilization would have been delayed for many centuries.
Textual Interludes in Sufi Narrative (A reading of the cover of the text: "Abou Hourayrah narrated")
Paratexts in Sufi Narratives Reading In A Cover Text "Abu Huraira Narrated, he said..."Amid the ongoing development in narrative forms and the West's domination over them, Arab writers have been drawn to search for other outlets that align with their beliefs and go beyond what Western literature has offered, accommodates the Arab person's sense of belonging and aspirations, thus they have invested in the spiritual and religious elements derived from the Sufi heritage, resulting in what is known as Sufi narratives. In this research paper, we aim to shed light on the paratexts in Sufi narratives, specifically by focusing on the cover threshold of the narrative "Abu HurairaNarrated, he said..." by Mahmoud Al-Mas'adi. We consider the cover as a textual threshold that contributes to the overall understanding of the text's significance and complements its construction
Ethical Challenges and Governance Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence
Fairness, accountability, transparency, and societal impact are some of the major ethical questions brought up by the fast integration of AI across industries like healthcare, banking, government, and education. While AI systems can be innovative and efficient, there are dangers associated with their deployment that should be considered. These concerns include bias, privacy violations, unequal access to benefits, and a lack of explainability. In light of these difficulties, strong ethical norms and regulatory frameworks are required to direct the ethical creation and use of AI. problems with algorithmic prejudice, data misuse, opaque decision-making, and robotic systems' concentration of power are all examples of AI-related ethical concerns. Additionally, it examines the current frameworks for governance, as well as regulatory efforts and ethical standards put out by global organizations and governments. In order to guarantee ethical AI activities, the analysis highlights the importance of accountability, human monitoring, and stakeholder involvement. Ethical principles should be integrated into the AI lifecycle to ensure a balance between innovation and society values, according to the research. In order to foster confidence and ensure the long-term viability of AI systems, the study stresses the significance of open, inclusive, and flexible governance methods.
The Methodology of Usuli Reasoning according to Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Maliki in his book "Al-Ma'unah": An Analytical Presentation.
This research aims to elucidate the features of the jurisprudential methodology adopted by Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Baghdadi al-Maliki in reasoning and deriving practical rulings within his book "Al-Ma'unah". The study traces the judge's methods of reasoning, illustrating his application of agreed-upon evidence such as the Qur'an, Sunnah, Consensus, and Analogy, as well as secondary and disputed evidence that characterizes the Maliki school. The latter includes the Practice of the People of Medina, Unrestricted Public Interest, Blocking the Means, Presumption of Continuity, and Custom. The significance of this study lies in highlighting the applied, practical aspect of the Iraqi Maliki school by bridging universal principles with specific branches. The study concludes that Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab successfully achieved a precise integration between Usuli theory and Fiqhi application. He demonstrated flexibility in specifying and restricting general texts through derived meanings, while maintaining strict adherence to Ijma', consistent reliance on Qiyas, and careful consideration of outcomes and public interests in directing legal rulings.
Deep Learning Techniques in Image and Speech Recognition
Deep Learning has emerged as a powerful approach within Artificial Intelligence, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of image and speech recognition systems. This study explores various deep learning techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image processing and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformer models for speech recognition. These models are capable of automatically extracting complex features from large datasets, enabling high-performance recognition tasks without manual feature engineering. In image recognition, deep learning techniques are widely used for object detection, facial recognition, medical image analysis, and autonomous systems. In speech recognition, they facilitate applications such as voice assistants, speech-to-text systems, and language translation. how deep learning models have surpassed traditional methods by providing higher accuracy, scalability, and adaptability. However, challenges such as the need for large labeled datasets, high computational requirements, model interpretability issues, and potential biases in training data. Despite these challenges, continuous advancements in deep learning architectures and computing power are driving further improvements in recognition technologies.
Narrative Anxiety and Representations of Contrapuntal Vision in Exile Literature: A Reading of Edward Said’s "Out of Place" and "Reflections on Exile"
Research into the subject of exile demonstrates that the process of consciousness—which transcends the framework of immediate reality—is what shapes the intellectual expression of exile. It presents an exceptional and authentic vision held by the exile toward their experience and ordeal in a foreign land. Through his autobiography, "Out of Place," and his collected essays in "Reflections on Exile," Edward Said represents a model of the Palestinian intellectual with an original and profound perspective on exile as a complex concept and a harsh experience. In this context, suffering and deprivation become a catalyst for writing and creativity, and a rich space that allows the exiled intellectual to question freely; it serves as an opportunity for deep reflection and the creation of an alternative to confront unjust practices. Contrapuntal exile formed a complex relationship within Edward Said’s imagination. His Contrapuntal Perspective relies on dismantling contradictions and moving beyond a monocular (one-sided) view. This creates an opportunity to read "the Other" and deal with the differences and contradictions produced by hybrid identities and those formed in diaspora and exile. To Said, counterpoint represents a state of creative, linguistic, and intellectual liberation where horizontal voices become no less important—aesthetically or stylistically—than vertical voices. Through the phenomenon of counterpoint, the process of understanding differences in identity, history, and culture becomes more meaningful and an inescapable existential necessity. Consequently, the humanization of literature becomes an urgent necessity for the reader, critic, and writer alike. In this way, contrapuntal reading evolves into an epistemological critical tool for dismantling the contradictions between the Self and the Other amidst a multiplicity of voices, narratives, and discourses of all colors, spectra, and races.
Death: Between Ontological Presence and Metaphysical Void
Death is explored as a central existential phenomenon that intersects language, anthropology, biology, metaphysics, and religion. Through linguistic and cultural analysis, it reveals shared symbolic structures linking death with life, divinity, and absence, while also manifesting in individual, collective, and cultural forms shaped by history and power relations. Biological and philosophical approaches present life as a system of resistance to death, yet remain limited in fully explaining its nature. Metaphysically, death appears as a paradoxical presence–absence that escapes complete conceptual grasp. Ultimately, death emerges as an open and multidimensional horizon of meaning.
Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Civil Infrastructure: Long-Term Adaptation Strategies
Civil infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to the growing number of climate-related hazards, such as heat waves, droughts, and other severe weather occurrences. examines how civil infrastructure will be affected by climate change and delves into the necessary adaption measures for the long term to strengthen vital infrastructure systems. The report highlights important climate-related issues, such as the accelerated degradation of infrastructure including roads, bridges, water systems, and buildings due to the increased frequency of storms, floods, droughts, and temperature variations. investigates the impact of various climate threats on infrastructure in various geographical locations, with a focus on urban, coastal, and rural areas. Green infrastructure solutions, novel design methods, and climate-resilient materials are some of the adaptation options highlighted in the report, all with the goal of mitigating climate change's long-term effects. Also discussed is the significance of public-private partnerships in building resilient infrastructure, as well as the part played by policy and governance. This study provides insights into the design, modification, and maintenance of civil infrastructure that can withstand the changing climate change challenges, guaranteeing its long-term viability and usefulness, by analysing case studies of effective adaption solutions.
The Functions of Media between the Classical and Digital Models: Towards a Redefinition and the Gratuitousness of Function: A Comparative Analytical Study
This study examines the transformation of the functions of classical media in the digital environment, both in terms of definition and role, in the context of rising consumerism and the dominance of market logic over the media sphere. The study is based on the hypothesis that the media no longer perform only their traditional functions of informing, interpreting, educating, guiding, and entertaining. Rather, it has become part of a new digital system that has reshaped the very concept of media function itself. Digital transformation has shifted media from a model based on symbolic mediation and the production of meaning within centralised institutions to an interactive networked model founded on participation, personalisation, the continuous circulation of content, and the linking of audiences to services, platforms, and markets. The study further reveals that the “free” nature of digital media services is not genuinely free. Instead, it forms part of an economic model in which the audience itself becomes a resource, subject to commodification through its behaviour, data, and consumption patterns. The study concludes that the concept of media functions as inherently free, as previously understood, has been reversed and now involves a tangible material cost, according to the researcher's perspective.