Difference as a Principle for Discussing the Question of Democracy and Human Rights (From the Beginning of the Ages to the Contemporary Era)

Abstract

The philosophy of difference and its relationship to the human being as an independent, self-sufficient entity capable of shaping its own destiny encompasses many important aspects of contemporary philosophy. Difference, in this context, refers to the disagreements among members of society within a democratic state. The latter is also a field of interest for philosophy, sociology, and political science, as it is central to political thought and has gained traction worldwide, from American and European countries to the Arab world and our present era. While it may appear easy to study, its implementation in practice is extremely difficult. The social contract (Rousseau) is considered essential for providing security and stability in every society. The United Nations has recognized it as a foundation for human rights, guaranteeing the right to vote and equality for all. It also guarantees freedom of association with political parties and the existence of parliaments. The separation of powers during the French Revolution established it as a legal principle. Similarly, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is deeply embedded in the political programming of freedom, and indeed, other rights are ultimately freedoms. For the West, democracy and human rights are not principles or lofty ideals, but rather a political peace and a problematic issue subject to the law of hegemony and control