Philosophy and Man: From Metaphysics to Philosophical Anthropology

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between philosophy and the human being as a foundational relationship rather than a relationship with an external subject. Philosophy does not appear only when the human being asks about the world, but when the question turns back to the human being himself: Who am I? What does it mean to exist? How do I know? How do I distinguish truth from illusion, good from evil, and freedom from submission? Hence, the human being is not merely one of the subjects of philosophy, but its living center, because every inquiry into existence, knowledge, or value ends, in one way or another, in a human question.
The article proceeds from a fundamental hypothesis that philosophy is the critical consciousness that enables the human being to move beyond automatic living toward understanding, to shift from accepting the familiar to questioning it, and from submission to habit to constructing a responsible meaning of life. Therefore, the article attempts to analyze the image of the human being through major themes: the rational human being, the moral human being, the free human being, the social human being, and the contemporary human being in the face of science, technology, and alienation.